Chapter 197 New and Old

Recently, with the advertisements for the recruitment of civil servants issued by the temporary government axe departments and published in the newspapers, tens of thousands of self-learned scholars from the land of Jianghuai, southern Jiangsu and northern Jiangsu poured into Jiangning City in an endless stream, bringing a fresh interest to the newly restored thousand-year-old capital.

Among these scholars, there are old people with white hair, young people who are not as weak as the crown, children of rich families with fat horses and light coats, slaves and servants, and poor people who are alone in bookcases and old clothes. They walked on the street and went in and out of the retrograde wine shop. They were all wearing square scarves and men's clothes that had just been bought from the clothing workshop. Their mouths were full of poems, which made the people in Jinling City really see the prestige of the Han officials!

For the tens of thousands of scholars gathered in Jiangning, they do not know what test questions they will face, but these people can still see from the newspapers what the "ruling" likes. There was a story mentioned in the newspaper.

Although the commander is very busy, he is a Jinshi and can't be seen. When the commander saw the scholar, he asked, "What's your specialty?" Jinshi answered truthfully, "I am good at writing in regular script. I can teach and write poems." Unexpectedly, the general said contemptuously, "It's just a book slave trick. There are so many people like me. I know how to chew words, and it's not promising."

Although Jinshi had some knowledge about economics, he felt that it was not enough, so he did not mention it. After that, the Jinshi once asked the commander-in-chief's men and learned that the commander-in-chief needed the most diplomatic and economic talents at this time, so the Jinshi found books in this field to study hard day and night in the spirit of hanging their heads and thorns. He felt that he had almost mastered them, so he asked to see the commander-in-in-chief again.

The general met and mocked, "Let's write a poem?" Jinshi replied, "Shibie said three times. I'm looking at it with new eyes. I'm studying the knowledge of diplomacy and finance." With that, he talked about the current affairs and talked about diplomacy and economic knowledge, which was very insightful. These are exactly what the commander-in-chief urgently needed. The commander-in-chief was surprised and immediately hired the Jinshi as a financial consultant.

Although this story does not mention who the general is, nor does it mention who the Jinshi is, or even may have been fabricated out of thin air, it reminds the nearly 20,000 scholars who gathered in Jiangning who tried to "leap the dragon gate from the dragon", but they have bought new bibliographies in economic, diplomatic, legal, military and other aspects. Can they buy it? It doesn't matter. The former infantry commander in the city has already been changed into a library, and those soldiers can read in the library.

Economic examination, diplomatic examination, administrative examination, tax examination, dialect examination, engineering examination, judicial examination... Although the name of the first "opening of the subject" examination of the ruling axe is different from that of the imperial court, after all, in the past few years, the imperial court has also opened special subjects such as "economic special subjects" and "diplomatic special subjects", so it naturally did not arouse the imagination.

Those scholars who came from all over the world and wanted to find a position in the New Dynasty and take a position from the body of a dragon. As soon as they arrived in Jiangning, they first weighed themselves, and then according to this detailed subject, they chose the examination that they thought they were good at. They penetrated into the library and the teaching institute set up in the former Jiangnan Gongyuan, and began to review the new learning.

With all kinds of ideas and all kinds of beautiful dreams, this will just be a headache for the new learning, some have learned, some have never heard of, no matter what they think, many of them vaguely guessed that this may be their last chance, the members of the ruling axe are unheard of, that is, He is the most ignorant person, and he also knows that it may be the change of ancient times, which is being staged when the new dynasty has not been built and the old dynasty has not collapsed.

The former Jiangsu Academic and Political Office, and now in front of the ruling axe education department, Jiaoyang was at the head, and hundreds of scholars in Confucian clothes knelt solemnly in front of the door. The breeze blew their Confucian crowns, the ribbons were flying, and the delicate sun burned their bodies, as if they were hitting the statue. There is a temporary shelter next to it. Under a huge black iron pot, the firewood is burning. There is a table next to the stove, on which is a large bowl of porridge and various snacks.

In front of the kneeling children, Cai Yuanpei, as the Minister of Education, shouted at them.

"This civil servant recruitment examination is by no means a general examination. It is just a recruitment examination for civil servants. They are all new academic propositions, law, medicine, agronomy, engineering. You haven't learned it, but the commander-in-chief is grateful. You can ask for a teaching class in the Gongyuan. You can sign up for it!"

The staff of the Ministry of Education held the tray in their hands, and on the plate was a large bowl of porridge and snacks. Cai Yuanpei picked up a bowl of porridge and sent it to an old man.

"I said you're old, just eat and drink! There is no way to have a hunger strike!"

The old man didn't move, but shouted hoarsely.

"We are not against the new learning, but Confucianism has been passed down for thousands of years. It is the blood and soul marrow of our Han people. We govern with an axe to restore the Han Dynasty, and the people are jubilant. However, we can't abolish the learning of the Han people!"

Lao Juzi's righteousness was so strict that Cai Yuanpei answered helplessly.

"No one said they wanted to waste old school!"

But the old man ignored him. Originally, they thought it was a "new dynasty examination", but as soon as they came here, they almost fainted. All the subjects were new. It was rumored that the ruling axe would replace the "examination of the imperial examination" with the "civil service examination". The students who were originally prepared to go back to the house knelt down. In front of the Ministry of Education, the Ministry of Education should be the former national prison.

Cai Yuanpei, who was a little helpless, brought the porridge to the other face.

"I said you're old, why don't you take the lead in eating?"

That lift is also motionless.

Cai Yuanpei ran to the front of the team with the bowl and shouted loudly.

"I said, how stubborn are you? I, I promise you that the general will not leave you alone! After the civil service examination, the imperial examination will not be held, and there must be an explanation! In addition, if this exam is for a subject, how can there be no reason for a son to enter the exam?

After saying that, he raised the big bowl forward again.

"You just take a bite! I beg you!"

But in front of him, it seems that he is no longer a living person, but a thousand-year-old imperial examination tombstone. His words sounded very good, but he knew that the commander had already made a decision not to abolish the imperial examination, and he could abolish it if he did not open the imperial examination.

Finally, in Cai Yuanpei's "If this exam is for a subject, how can you enter the exam!" Under the explanation, this group of old men who were kneeling on hunger strike in front of the Ministry of Education held up the porridge bowls with half-doubt.

Seeing that they began to eat, Cai Yuanpei breathed a long sigh of relief.

"I finally put this off..."

As soon as he breathed a sigh of relief, an employee of the Ministry of Education brought over a newspaper. After a few words in Cai Yuanpei's ear, his face changed.

"Are you all back?"

Chen Moran, who was sitting in the study, looked at Cai Yuanpei with a smile. Those lifters had been on hunger strike for two days. An hour ago, there was the news that the lifters had been persuaded to break up by Cai Yuanpei. As a temporary political axe, he did not even give a face to those people.

"It's all back!"

When he spoke, Cai Yuanpei was looking at the book in the general's hand.

Put down the Mandarin Teaching Skills Training (chu xiao su cheng) with Moxiang, which is one of the first set of standard teacher textbooks. Although it is idle to copy the Japanese teacher's textbooks, it is a teacher's textbook developed by the Commercial Press for two years by employing more than a dozen Japanese textbooks and German education experts.

Seeing Cai Yuanpei staring at the book in his hand, Chen Moran handed it over.

"How's it going? Heqing, what do you think of this set of textbooks?"

After he looked through a few pages, he asked an urgent question. In addition to those experts, he even made some personal opinions on the preparation of this textbook.

"Marshal, you have invented this pinyin and standard Mandarin for thousands of years!"

Cai Yuanpei first praised it lightly. Although he felt a little annoyed with this textbook, Chinese pinyin and standard pronunciation were of great benefits. This official phonetic pinyin had been implemented as early as the Huangpu Military Academy. Even now, when writing college textbooks, it is also used to mark textbooks. This Latin pinyin is far more convenient and easy to learn than the cophonic alphabet. It only takes two months for illiteracy in the Guangfu Army, and illiterate soldiers can write nearly a thousand common words.

And his inventor is Chen Dashuai in front of him. If it hadn't been for the nickname "Qinding Pinyin" or "Yuyu Pinyin" in the newspaper, he really didn't know that "Mandarin Pinyin", which was shocked at first sight, was actually Chen Moran's invention.

"When I am abroad, I often meet some Cantonese and Fujian people. They can't speak Mandarin. Everyone uses English, so it is really unreasonable for Chinese people to use foreign languages when they meet abroad. Therefore, after the restoration, the first-class event is that the whole country is homophonic! This is... that's it!"

When Chen Moran was laughing, Cai Yuanpei nodded from time to time. Now after serving as the temporary Minister of Education, he contacted people from all walks of life. The biggest problem he encountered was "different languages of Chinese people", and this standard Mandarin solved the problem.

For Chen Moran, this is just an excuse. After all, one of the reasons for getting that pinyin at the beginning was that when we were literacy in the Guangfu Army, the fact that one word and several sounds were difficult to learn and difficult to remember were placed there. Finally, he typed out such a "Mandarin Pinyin" on the computer, but this phonetic transcription was according to his mouth. Language.

"Since the First Sino-Japanese War, many people of insight have been studying why we are always bullied by the great powers, because their ships are strong, why are they strong, because their science is developed, why can their science be developed? Because their cultural education is popular, why can their cultural education be popularized? Because their Latin alphabet is easy to write, easy to recognize and learn, so they can popularize education and culture. What about looking at our Chinese characters? It is precisely difficult to write, recognize and remember, so our culture cannot be popularized, and if culture cannot be popularized, science cannot be developed. The conclusion is very simple. If we want to enrich the country and strengthen the people, we need to popularize cultural education. When we encounter Chinese characters, Chinese characters are the most difficult in the world. If we can't popularize culture, we can't popularize the country and strengthen the soldiers. Therefore, we need to rely on this pinyin. With Pinyin, we just need to learn to pronounce and follow the words in the future. Code, you can recognize new words by checking according to Pinyin! In this way, we can popularize our culture!"

After saying a series of reasons, Chen Moran once again affirmed the role of Pinyin.

Cai Yuanpei did not deny the role of the general's mention of pinyin. After all, the effect is there. Just by looking at the results of literacy education promoted by the Guangfu army's teachers after training, we can know that this kind of pinyin is an important surname for the popularization of education. However, Cai Yuanpei did not come today to talk about this pinyin, let alone like the newspaper. The compliment at the time of "Qin Ding Pinyin" is for another thing, a matter of uproar in each Guangfu Province.

"Marshal, what Yuan Pei came here today..."

As he spoke, Cai Yuanpei pushed a document in front of Chen Moran and glanced at the enrollment advertisement of Jiangning Normal Express School. Looking at Cai Yuanpei's expression, Chen Moran just smiled.

"The rise and fall of the country lies in education; the great plan of education lies in teachers. Teachers are an important factor in promoting social progress. The quantity and quality of teachers depend on whether the normal education is developed or not. Therefore, the first priority of Zhuguangfu Province is not only to promote the improvement of the regime, but also the accelerated normal training courses established by each!"

"As the commander said, the rise and fall of the country lies in education; the education plan lies in the teachers. As a teacher, he is not only responsible for the education of students, but also for the rise and fall of the country. How can it be done quickly!"

Cai Yuanpei used Chen's words to retort slightly that in fact, he came here precisely because the commander-in-chief did not say hello or even without the consent of the Ministry of Education.

The accelerated normal school is only promulgated on the first day of the lunar new year, which is shocked by all provinces. Even in the Ministry of Education, the Ministry of Education was first established, and the first government affairs arranged by the commander-in-chief. One is the rapid academic system, and the other is the rapid promotion of education.

In the end, the Ministry of Education competed for the academic system. In the end, the general in front of him made a judgment and set a new academic system of "three years of junior high school, two years of high school, and three years of junior high school". But before they could give this method of speed-push education, the temporary political axe ruling axe first promulgated the "Regulations on Temporary Political Axe Quick Teacher Education", or even temporary The political axe allocated up to 15 million yuan for the promotion of accelerated teachers in various counties.

The people of the Ministry of Education did not even know about this regulation until they saw the advertisements in the newspaper. At this time, the governors of Jiangsu, Anhui, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Fujian, Hunan and Guangdong began to post the enrollment notices and treatment methods of the fast-growing teachers after receiving the telegram of the ruling axe.

In addition to the shock, there is more anger, so that many officials in the Ministry of Education said that "the commander-in-chief intends to educate by military law", and Cai Yuanpei came to get an explanation from the commander-in-chief. Why did he put aside the arbitrary explanation of the Ministry of Education? Compared with the angry questions of others, Cai Yuanpei Undoubtedly more calm.

"Is there a quick success for teachers? Isn't it a mistake for people's children?"

Staring at Cai Yuanpei and Chen Moran asked rhetorically. Before he could speak, Chen Moran continued to speak.

"The Ministry of Education has an eight-year academic system, and six to fourteen children receive compulsory education, dividing the country into ten university school districts, setting up ten public universities and 4, 256 middle schools. A primary school is set up for an average of 600 people. Set up a teacher's school to train teachers. I hope that from now on, I hope that for the general people, there will be all those who do not learn, and there will be all those who will not learn! How many teachers do these 750,000 primary schools alone need?

With a rhetorical question, Chen Moran kicked the question to Cai Yuanpei, who had just been dealt with by the Ministry of Education.

"I estimate that at least a million teachers are needed. According to the teacher's regulations formulated by the Ministry of Education, the primary normal school needs three years, the higher normal school needs four years, and all normal students need to be enrolled from middle school!"

After a moment of silence, Chen Moran took out a ten-year education plan from the document box that seemed to be set by the Ministry of Education.

"Well, ten years later, we can cultivate millions of teachers, build 100,000 primary schools, 20 million primary school students, 10,000 middle schools, 5 million middle school students, and so on... But the question now is, do we have time?"

The marshal's rhetorical question only made Cai Yuanpei speechless for a moment, and it took a few seconds before he squeaked.

"The Qing Dynasty did not promote new-style education. Although the seven provinces of Guangfu are all provinces with new-style schools, there are only 5,367 schools of all kinds, with 21,876 students. The old bachelors are not suitable for new teachers. After all, what they have learned is not for today's use!"

"Hmm! There are about 100,000 middle school students! There are 1,000 middle schools in seven provinces, and it takes at least 30,000 middle school students to study for three or four years to train enough middle school teachers!"

While talking, Chen Moran opened the academic documents on the table that seemed to be set by the Ministry of Education.

"Based on primary school, vigorously popularize national education, um, this is absolutely right, "hundred years of people". Primary school education is the cornerstone of the whole education building. Let's first look at the content of junior high school, Mandarin knowledge, arithmetic, self-cultivation, sports, music, art. At a high age, geography, physics, Foreign language, He Qing, I just want to ask, those scholars and scholars, can they teach Mandarin knowledge, arithmetic, self-cult, sports, music and art!"

"This..."

Cai Yuanpei squeaked but didn't say anything. Those monks can naturally teach Mandarin and simple arithmetic, as for self-cultivation, music and art.

"I think that in the three years of junior high school, in addition to sports, other rural talents should be trained in the accelerated normal class!"

Chen Moran seemed to be a little proud, "running this teacher's accelerated class, on the one hand, it can solve the shortage of teachers encountered in the popularization of early education, second, it can solve the livelihood of the scholars, and thirdly, it is for the stability of society! Although the imperial examination is definitely to be abolished, the thousand-year-old imperial examination system has created a huge "class" in society, and there is an elite class with the gentry as the main body. They come from all levels of society. After systematic and profound traditional cultural education, they live in urban and rural areas, deeply rooted among the people, and are teachers.

After the abolition of the imperial examination system, there will no longer be a stable gentry class in rural China. The school has become the only way out for the flow of rising surnames, and the schools are all in the city. Under the new academic system, the students studying in the city basically graduate and settle down in the city, and even be buried in the city after death. This means that the circulation of the whole society has been suspended to a considerable extent in the past, and the abolition of the imperial examination will inevitably lead to the original formation. The way of social elites suddenly broke down, which led to the disappearance of traditional cohesion forces, which in turn caused social shocks that Ben Shuai did not want to see, and even the chaos in the countryside, and the weakening of the state's control over rural areas.

Therefore, I want to be a teacher and leave them in the countryside! When it comes to educating the people, they can be promoted to the new gentry in the countryside to replace the old gentry who went to the city to seek business!"

(Historically, after the abolition of the imperial examination, with the influx of a large number of gentry and literati for profit and survival into the city, there is no longer a stable gentry class in China's rural areas to serve as organizers and regulators of rural cultural life and social ecological environment. At the same time, due to the lack of rural regeneration mechanism, rural cultural ecology Continuous degradation and hollowing out. In this context, the power structure at the grassroots level in rural areas has changed. Traditional village leaders are constantly replaced by profitable brokers, and villagers call them 'local tycoons, 'rogues' or 'bullshies'. These people are ubiquitous and have a very bad influence. ...After entering the Republic of China, with the internalization of state power, the local tyrants and evil gentry took the opportunity to steal all kinds of public positions and became the mainstream of the rural regime." Therefore, in this speechless idea of replacing the old gentry class with a new class of the countryside dominated by teachers to maintain the country's control of the countryside, I hope you can understand and spend It's better to spend more money to raise a group of grass-roots officials than to raise some teachers! Ask for a monthly ticket and read it!)

(to be continued)