Ancient Witchcraft
What is witchcraft?
Witchcraft is a technique that attempts to influence or control certain people and things with the help of supernatural mysterious forces. In ancient times, the female casters were called witches and men were called witches.
Classification of witchcraft
From the perspective of the nature of witchcraft, witchcraft can be divided into black witchcraft and white witchcraft. Black witchcraft refers to the witchcraft used when blaming others; white witchcraft is the witchcraft used when praying for blessings, so it is also called auspicious witchcraft.
From the perspective of the means of performing witchcraft, witchcraft can be divided into two categories, one is imitation witchcraft, and the other is called contact witchcraft.
Imitation witchcraft is a means of seeking good luck or causing disasters with similar things as substitutes. If you hate someone, make a human form and write down the person's birthday, either burning or throwing water, or cutting with a needle knife, so that the person will die. In nature, this belongs to black witchcraft. For example, children often fall into the well. In order to avoid disasters, they often act as a couple to replace children and throw themselves into the well. This behavior is called breaking disasters. In ancient production customs, rice flowers began, and men and women met in the fields to promote the earing of rice. If a person has sores and is painted on plant leaves or yellow paper, the patient can be removed, also known as imitation witchcraft. The tling of dolls in Baiyunguan, folk "stealing melons" and so on
Praying custom.
Contact witchcraft: It is a witchcraft method that uses parts of things or objects associated with things to seek good luck. This kind of witchcraft can achieve its purpose as long as it touches a part of someone's human body or human tools. If someone is sick, put a coin or something more valuable in the patient's sick place, and then leave it on the road for someone to pick it up, so the patient will be transferred to the picker. Put the bowl and Jiang Yuanlu's deeds and Zhou Shizu abandoned them all came into contact with witchcraft. In the past, black witchcraft often collected discordant hair, beards, nails and beloved things in case of harming each other. Children's names can't be told casually
Others, otherwise they will be subject to others.
In Liangshan Yi, the slave owner found that the slave had escaped. In addition to sending people to look for it, he also had to ask the wizard to perform witchcraft. The method was to attract the rags left by the slaves and put them in the stone mill. Because the cloth was not easy to grind down, he thought that the slave must also turn around the mountains and could not find a way to escape; the slave could escape from the tiger's mouth. , also fight with witchcraft. Generally, when you escape, carry a small stone mill and put it on your head, so that the cloth grinded by the slave owner will fall down quickly and you can escape successfully.
III. Application of witchcraft
1. Pray for help: It means that people deceive natural forces or ghosts and gods to help them achieve a certain purpose in a certain way. If the Han people ask for rain, please delete more vulgar works. If you can't worship, you will use witchcraft and force vulgar works to delete the rain. If you promote vulgar works, please delete the street tour, expose vulgar works, remove the well water, etc.
2. Soul Convocation: Bring back the lost soul with witchcraft. It is not limited to humans themselves, but also applies to animals and plants. For example, the Kino people call for the soul of the valley god, and the Miao people call for the soul for the cow. When the Han children are sick, they often think that the soul is lost outside the village, and the mother has to take the child's clothes to call the child's name and call for his soul. The Yi people have also left or died in a foreign country for many years.
The custom of elders to attract souls. Hosted by the wizard, he often stands on the mountain, looks at the direction of the deceased's departure, calls the name of the deceased, and comes back with a hemp thread to occupy the soul of the deceased. Zhuang, Maonan and other ethnic groups also have witchcraft to attract souls for the dead and lovers. Generally, the young man invited the witch, and the wizard covered his head with a quilt and asked the god to possess it. Soon she entered a coma and announced that the soul had been possessed, so the witch sang with the man on behalf of the man's lover and poured her heart.
3. Curse: It uses the magic of language to harm each other. The most common form is face-to-face curse, good death, thousands of knives and so on. It is more to achieve the purpose of witchcraft by cursing the other party's name. The Dai people have a kind of "fang luo" witchcraft, which aims to provoke other people's relationship with husband and wife so that they can intervene. The method is to take it from the fence of the couple's cemetery
Two pieces of bamboo, engraved with: "You have thorns on your chest, you can't hug each other, you can only look at each other across the river", and then put them downstairs, thinking that the husband and wife will be at peace within three days. In the past, there was a steaming cat curse in the Han and Manchu areas. If the lost person finds that someone has stolen his property and does not admit it, the lost person will write the date and name of the thief on paper and put it in a steamer with a cat. The cat struggles and screams in the cage, and the lost person will curse the thief to die like a cat.
4. Exorcism: an aggressive witchcraft performed on ghosts. It is often used in production, building houses, medical treatment and funerals. This is the most important job of folk wizards. When Bimo of Liangshan Yi treated the patient, he let the patient sit at the door with a bamboo dustpan on his head. Bimo shouted, "Catch the evil ghost and catch him quickly." At the same time, he ordered his assistant to sprinkle the ashes of the fire pond on the patient's head with a shovel and use the ashes to drive away the ghost. Suni, another wizard of the Yi nationality, placed many branches and tributes by the fire pond when exorcising ghosts. He walked around the fire pond, beating the sheepskin drum while asking the mountain gods to come. Then he suddenly opened the mouth of a pottery pot and said, "Catch the ghost
Stop and put it in the clay pot." After saying that, he immediately sealed his mouth and shouted, "The evil ghost, I'm going to burn you!" After saying that, Suni poured the ghost in the clay pot into the fire pond and said, "Ghost, wait and come back when the bamboo basket can hold water." In addition: paper boats are burning with candles, shooting brides with arrows at weddings, hot tubs, etc. Many of the Han people have been succeeded by Taoism after the exorcism
Undertake it. Symbols, swords, seals and mirrors are the main tools to exorcise ghosts. Exorcism also applies to murderous witchcraft. The Li people are most afraid of the dead. When they are buried, they must hold complex ceremonies: they must take the winding road to make the soul of the murderer difficult to return. When they are buried, they also have to press the body with a boulder or nail the body with wooden stakes, so that the soul of the murderer can never return home, otherwise it will disturb their families.
5. Avoiding evil: It is a kind of passive witchcraft that uses certain objects to prevent evil ghosts from coming. Avoiding evil objects are generally decorated on buildings, vehicles and production tools, and are also worn on the body. The Pumi have many lime handprints on the door or wall. It is said that this is a posture of beating ghosts, and ghosts are afraid when they meet them. Hanging knives, swords, saws, horns, etc. on the door lint can also avoid evil. The Orunchun people hang wild boar teeth and bear noses on the fairy pillar; the Dong people hang dog heads on the door to protect their families with dogs. The Miao people hang rice sieve and fish net on the door, believing that the rice sieve symbolizes many eyes and can see through the whereabouts of ghosts. The fish net is a tool for catching ghosts, and they will avoid it when they see ghosts. Totem is also a kind of evil avoidance, and the Yi people often draw a tiger on the door. Horseshoes are often hung in northwest and Europe. Han's amulets, door god town house swords, etc. are all evil objects to avoid evil.
IV. Witchcraft
1. What is witchcraft? It is a kind of witchcraft that uses poisonous insects to harm people. It is an older mysterious and horrible witchcraft, which is mainly popular in southern China and some ethnic minorities. The glyph is to put many insects in a container. Kong Yingda's "Thirteen Classics Notes" said: "Those who poison people do not know, today's law is called poison." In Compendium of Materia Medica · Bug IV, it is understood as a poisonous insect fed by human beings. "If you take hundreds of insects into the Weng, after years, there will be a worm that will eat all the insects, which is called gi."
2. Production and types of witch: Most of the witches are women, which are women's expertise. Southern Yunnan Magazine: "Yunnan people's family cultivates gi... They compete for hiding, children worry about what they eat, and those who raise gis don't want to be a secret room. They let the woman feed them. As soon as they see the man, they will be defeated, and they are covered with pure yin. Zhou Gofei's "Lingwaidai Answer": poison is "women's hair-shaped night sacrifice", "Southern Yunnan New Language": pleasing to Yi women. There are many kinds of worms, usually such as golden silkworms, worms, worms, swollen worms, loach worms, stone worms, scorpion tablets, snakes and so on. Among them, the golden silkworm is the most vicious. In the old days, in some counties and townships in Fujian, the superstition activities of raising golden silkworms were more popular. It is said that the golden silkworm is an invisible insect spirit. It can work for people and is most diligent in hygiene. People who are very clean indoors are considered to be people who raise golden silkworms. The golden silkworm is made by selecting 12 kinds of poisonous insects such as snakes and centipedes, buried in the crossroads, and taken out and stored in the incense burner after 49 days (or another mysterious number of days) to become golden silkworms. In the minds of people who believe in the golden silkworm, the golden silkworm is spiritual, which can make the breeder rich, but the owner of the rich family should also tell the golden silkworm how much it owes, otherwise the golden silkworm requires money to buy it to eat, otherwise it will be a curse. If the golden silkworm family doesn't want to raise it again, they can pass it on. It is called "marrying the golden silkworm". The method is to wrap silver, pollen and fragrant ash (representing the golden silkworm). If you put it on the road, the greedy will naturally pick it up. Golden silkworms can cause the enemy's death, usually due to abdominal swelling and bleeding. The worm, also known as putting eggs, putting horns and bees, is popular among people in Guangdong and Guangxi. The method is to catch centipelas, snakes, dragonflies, ants, poisonous bees, cicadas, earthworms, etc. on the Dragon Boat Festival, dry them and grind them into powder. They are worshipped in front of the plague statue for a long time and become poisoned in the diet. Epiphylosis is popular among the Dong people. Snakes are mostly buried in the soil for epiphytes to cause epilepsy; swelling makes people's abdomens; loaches are soaked in loaches and bamboo leaves soaked in loaches to poison people, making them poison them; as for stone and tablets, they are made of poison and placed in the road to harm people. It is said that they can enter the human body as a malignant disease.
3. Most of the methods of applying worms are put into food. The gimmorushi is mostly in the meal. "Chiya": "Gongcheng is put in the food first, and the taste increases a hundred times", and it is mostly placed on the first piece of food. Some of them are the worm itself, the advantages of worm feces, and some salivating foam. Sometimes it can be done without food. Liu Nan's "Little Record of Miaohuang": "The poison of Miao is so terrible that it does not need to use special food. Anyone who boos with anger and looks at it can transmit its poison to people; those who use food can also ride under the poison."
4, the symptoms and verification methods of people suffering from pestle: Liu Xibo "the person, or the throat is swollen and cannot be swallowed; or the face is green and yellow, the day is barren; or there is accumulation in the chest, when coughing; or the chest and abdomen are bloated, and the limbs are numb; or die for a few days, or months to die." Verification method: It can make it chew raw soybeans, and if there is no fishy smell, it will be a worm. In ethnic minority areas, it contains a piece of duck protein in the mouth, and a silver needle is inserted into it. If the duck protein and silver needle turn black, it will be worm. Methods of prevention and decoction: Anyone who eats is suspected to be a house of cobweb dust, and is suspected to be a house that raises worms, and avoids going back and forth; anyone who eats like the owner knocks a bowl with his chopsticks first, and then eats a bowl first, and then is suspected of applying gi, and be particularly careful not to eat or break the Taoism; anyone who eats out and carries garlic with him can prevent worms. It is difficult to cure it when he goes out and does not drink alcohol. The method of relieving the worm: take male yellow, garlic, calamus fried water, or pomegranate root water, which can relieve poison; and the golden silkworm is most afraid of hedgehogs, which can be used as medicine to cure worms. There are many medical prescriptions in ancient medical books, which are diverse. The method of breaking the gu: Tao is broken. In autumn, Miao women carry cloth bags and sell thorn pears for children to eat. Many of them have been recognized by the group for a long time. When they bought it, they first asked: Is there any gull? Answer: If there is none, it will not be harmful. Then you can buy it. In addition, it is said that the worm is afraid of the dragonfly, and it is said that it will enter the family of raising worms, and its worms will be captured.
The purpose of witching is mostly to dispel resentment, and sometimes as a protective measure. For example, in the Zhuang people, some people are afraid that others will steal food, so they release witching, and some thieves will die immediately. On the contrary, "If there are many people, the witch will benefit the spirit and the family will be saved.