3. Qixi begging picture
3. Qixi begging picture
The Qiao family compound is famous not only because it has magnificent houses as an architectural complex, but also because it embodies exquisite architectural skills on brick, wood and stone. In the six courtyards in the north and south, brick carvings, wood carvings and painting can be seen everywhere. From the perspective of the structure of the door, there are hard mountain single-eaves brick gates, half-eaves doors, stone carving side doors, one bucket three liters and eleven steps on double warping doors, etc. The format of the window is imitating acid branches and elixirium windows, diamond windows, grid windows, carved windows, double opening and suspended windows and large grid windows, etc., all kinds of which are endless and change. From the roof, there are the top of the mountain, the hard mountain, the suspended mountain, the rolling roof, the bungalow roof, etc., forming a flat, low, high, convex, spineless, ridged, upturned, drooping.... Every place has a unique hole in every place. If you look at it, it is really pleasing to the eyes and taste endless.
There are more fascinating things in the courtyard, that is, the exquisite plate painting process and ingenious wood carving art can be seen everywhere. Every sculpture has its own folk meaning. The main door of each courtyard is carved with a variety of different characters. For example, the main gate of a courtyard is a rolling gate building, with hanging columns and hemp leaves, hanging columns of moon beam buckets, Kafengyunzi, thirteen-headed drought buckets, among which there are pillar buckets, horn buckets, mixed buckets, and nine crows, which can be called first-class good craftsmanship. The second entrance door is the same as the one. It is a ** bayonet, with dry lines on the window and a grass dragon spiral plate in the middle. The wood carving bayonet of the three doors is a hundred grape pictures.
The wood carving at the main entrance of the second courtyard has eight horses and three-star pictures of Fulu Shou, also known as three-star high-zhao pictures. The wooden carvings in the second courtyard are: Huabogu and the God of Wealth. This flower Bogu is a kind of miscellaneous painting. Emperor Huizong of the Northern Song Dynasty ordered people to compile and paint the ancient objects stored in the Xuanhe Hall, which was designated as "Bogu Tu". Later generations drew pictures on the artifacts to form decorative handicrafts, commonly known as "Bogu". For example, "Bogutu" with flowers and fruits as embellishment to complete the frame is called "Hua Bogu". The main building is an Antarctic fairy riding deer and a hundred pictures. Other wood carvings include Heavenly Official Blessing, Sun Rising Moon Wall, Kirin Sending Sons, Zhaocai Jinbao, Fulu Shou Sanxing and Hehe II Immortals, etc. Hehe Two Immortals, also known as "Hehe Two Saints", is a folk mythical story title. Tian Rucheng's "West Lake Tour Zhiyu" said: "Song Suihangcheng sacrificed Wanhui's brother in the twelfth lunar month. He is like a fluffy smile, wearing green clothes, holding a drum in his left hand and holding a stick in his right hand. The cloud is the 'god of harmony'. Sacrifice can make people go home thousands of miles away, so it is called ten thousand times. Later, it was divided into two gods, called "Hehe Two Immortals". The two immortals also have a fluffy smile, holding a lotus flower and a round one, which means "harmonious and good". In the old days, the hall was usually hung at weddings to show good luck.
In addition, the wood carvings on the stigma are also diverse. For example, Bajun, pine bamboo and grapes, which indicate that they are long, strong and strong; hibiscus, osmanthus and evergreen, indicating that they are rich and noble for thousands of years; the wooden fan in the hall are engraved with large reliefs "Four Seasons Flowers" and "Eight Immortals for longevity", which is one of the traditional decorative patterns. "Eight Immortals' Birthday" is the legendary Han Zhongli, Zhang Guolao, Han Xiangzi, Li Tiegui, Lv Dongbin, Cao Guounun, Lan Caihe and He Xiangu's eight immortals go to the Yaochi to celebrate the birthday of the Western Queen Mother. The picture pattern is beautiful and lifelike. There are more than 300 wood carving works of art in the whole hospital, which cannot be listed here.
Brick carving process can be seen everywhere, with a wide range of themes. There are wall carving, spine carving, screen carving and railing carving. For example, there are four lions carved on the gate of a courtyard, that is, four lions (time) spitting clouds. The horse's head is carved with "Hehe Two Immortals" and carrying gold and silver treasures. There are orchids carved on the card circle. The wall is covered with "Turtleback Hanjin", which is a traditional decorative pattern and a continuous geometric figure composed of a hexagonal skeleton. It got its name because it looks like the back of a turtle. In ancient times, the tortoise shell was used as a tool for divination to see good or bad luck. The ancient book "Records of Stranger" says: "The turtle has hair for thousands of years, and its life of 5,000 years is called the turtle, and it is a spiritual turtle for ten thousand years." Turtles are used as a kind of spiritual object for longevity, which is used as a pattern to show auspicious longevity. There is a large brick-carved ancestral temple opposite the gate of a courtyard, carved with pine trees, tung trees and nine deer on the stone mountain of Taihu Lake, which shows that the ninth road is smooth. There are four lion rolling hydrangeas on the column; there are five railing carvings on the south wall of the courtyard of a courtyard, and there are hundreds of grapes in the middle, indicating that there are many vines and constant wealth, and the other four grids are "Bogutu". Four seasons of flowers are carved on the horse's head in the courtyard. Second, the horse's head in the courtyard is the four fruits and the "Eight Immortals." The "Dark Eight Immortals" is also a kind of traditional decorative pattern, which is composed of objects held by the eight immortals in ancient legends. It is said that Han Zhongli gently shakes the small fan and is happy, often holding a small fan; Lv Dongbin's sword is full of charm and often carries a sword; Zhang Guo Laoyu drum has a Sanskrit sound, often holding a fish drum; Cao Guo's jade plate is full of harmony, and often holds a jade plate; there are only five blessings in the iron a gourd, often with gourd; Han Xiangzi purple flute is dry and quiet, often holding a flute; blue color There are no extraordinary products in the flower basket, and she often carries flower baskets; Aunt He holds lotus flowers in her hand and is not stained with dust, and often holds lotus flowers. Because they only use the artifacts they hold and do not draw immortals, it is called the "Dark Eight Immortals", which has an auspicious meaning and is often used in the Ming and Qing Dynasties.
The horse head of the gate of the second courtyard is a rhinoceros on the front and four-season flowers on the side. The railings in the corridor in front of the main room of the second courtyard are counted from east to west. First, the magpie climbs the plum, the second is the Kuilong sky, the third is the grape hundred seeds, the fourth is the egret silk lotus, and the fifth is the sparrow chrysanthemum. The door of the east courtyard is carved with four seasons of flowers, four fruits, plus piano, chess, calligraphy and painting, which also means auspicious.
The corridor of the three courtyards, the front of the horse head is sent by Kirin, the side is pine bamboo and plum orchid, and Meilan bamboo chrysanthemum. Chinese painting is a general term based on the four types of flowers of Meilan, bamboo and chrysanthemum, with flower and bird painting as its branch. During the Song and Yuan dynasties, many painters liked to draw Meilanga pine trees, which was called "song zhu mei" and also known as "Three Friends of the Cold". Wuzhen in the Yuan Dynasty added orchids to the "Three Friends", known as "Four Friends Picture". During the Wanli period of Ming Shenzong (1573-1619), Huang Feng's collection of "Four Genealogy of Bamboo and Chrysanthemums" was also called "Four Gentlemen". Later generations added pine trees or daffodils and strange stones, collectively known as "Wu Qing" or "Five Friends". The third series of "Biography of Mustards" compiled by Wang in the Qing Dynasty, which is the Four Spectrums of Meilan Bamboo and Chrysanthemum. This kind of theme symbolizes noble character and integrity, strength, tenacity, optimism and the spirit of not being afraid of rape.
In the gate of the fourth courtyard is an incense burner, and the side is a piano, chess, calligraphy and painting. In the courtyard, there are four lions (time) Ruyi, Megan's dragon head, four seasons of flowers, and flowers blooming richly. And there was a cover wall, and Zhao Tieshan wrote the inscription. On the right is the Dark Eight Immortals, and the lion rolls the hydrangea, indicating peace and good luck. There are also Phoenix Opera, Peony and Deer Crane in the Spring. On the left is Pisces and halberd, which is auspicious and intentional. It is one of the traditional decorative patterns. It refers to the picture composed of halberd in ancient weapons, the halberd and fish patterns in musical instruments. It takes the homonym of halberd with Ji, halberd and Qing, fish and Yu, indicating that Jiqing is more than enough. There are grapes and ** hundred children in the main building of the west cross courtyard, and the railings above are piano, chess, calligraphy and painting and Bo Gutu. Four horse heads are four lions on the front and four seasons flowers on the side. In particular, the carving of "Provincial Proverbs" is the same as the "100thevity map" mentioned above, which is also a rare art treasure.
The horse head of the gate building of the fifth courtyard is for Kirin, and the four horse heads in the courtyard are Lu Hetong Pine. The gate building of Nanzhengfang is ** Baizi, and the middle is the seven stars of literature and martial arts. Huiwen Qiqiao, also known as "Qixi Qiqiaotu". Qixi Qiqiao Picture is the title of a folk myth. On the seventh night of the seventh lunar month, it is said that the cowherd and the weaver girl met in Tianhe. That night, the woman wore colorful streaks and wore seven-hole needles, and Chen Guaguo begged for cleverness in the court. Cowherd and Weaver Girl are both star names and have evolved into mythical figures. The Weaver Girl is the granddaughter of the Emperor of Heaven and weaves cloud brocade for many years. After marrying the cowherd in Hexi, the weaving was interrupted. The Emperor of Heaven was furious and ordered him to separate from the Cowherd. He was only allowed to meet once a year on the seventh night of July. It is recorded in the "Fam" that when the Weaver Girl met with the Cowherd, the magpie built a bridge on the Tianhe River, known as the Magpie Bridge. Qixi Qiqiao picture was originally written by Hou Yi, a painter in the Northern Song Dynasty, and then gradually spread widely.
On both sides of the entrance of the east courtyard of the sixth courtyard are magpie climbing plums, and on the back are the words green bamboo and "Fu Lu Shou". The four horse heads are the dark eight immortals. In the main house, there are grapes, lotus in the east, and peonies in the west. There is a "Ford Temple" in the front yard, and there are two vivid lions and more than auspicious patterns on the eight-treasure map.
Although the stone carving process in Qiao's courtyard is relatively rare, it is very fine. There are several pairs of stone lions, which are different in shape and naive. Some stone lions are walking forward, with new knife patterns and sharpness, acting alert, powerful and active. His proud head lifts up the look of his whole body, showing the lion's strength and heroism without distortion, giving people a feeling of health, activity and vitality.
There are also yin lines carved, such as the stone lion squatting at the door of the five courtyards is "golden lion and white elephant", and the middle is "immediately seal the monkey (hou)", "Yanshan teaching son" and "generational marquis". The stone foundation of the southern house is "fishing woodland ploughing reading" and "Ma Gu's longevity" and so on. The stone lion stone squatting at the gate of the sixth courtyard has line carvings such as "the general's appearance", "the spirit is in full swing" and "returning to the court". The image is clear, the story is fascinating, the lines are smooth, and the image is realistic.
The lower part of the eaves of all the rooms in the whole compound are painted with real gold, which is mainly based on character stories. In addition to "Yanshan Jiaozi", "Ma Gu's Birthday", "Full Bed" and "Fisherman Farming Reading", there are also flowers, plants, insects and birds, as well as railways, trains, stations, clocks and other patterns. These patterns, piles of golden powder and colorful paintings of Sanlan are unique. The gold foil used is very pure. Although it has been blown by the wind and sun for a long time, it is still shining. The vertical powder process is very meticulous. It must be dried layer by layer and then piled up layer by layer until a realistic relief of the ornament is made, and finally coated with gold. The coating of gold is pasted with oil stains on people's heads. Because it is too thin, it is necessary to choose sunny, rainless and windy weather before it can be operated. It can be seen that it is quite laborious and time-consuming to complete a pattern work. Others have gold lines and coloring on the base, which are all natural stone colors, so they can remain unfading and bright in color.
There are many plaques hanging in each door of Qiao's courtyard, and there are four of the most valuable pieces. Three of the plaques are Qiao's, which are also worthy of the pride and honor of the Qiao family. That is the "Renzhou Yifu" written by Li Hongzhang in the fourth year of Guangxu, the "Fuzhong Langhuan" sent by Ding Baoquan, the governor of Shanxi Province, who was sent by Empress Cixi, and the "six lines of preparation" given to Qiao Yingkui from 36 villages east of Changyuanhe, Qi County in the 16th year of the Republic of China. The first two pieces show that the Qiao family's donation to the government at a certain period was praised by the inscription of the court, so it was twice as glorious. The latter piece also reflects some good deeds and ways of dealing with people from one side.
Another piece of higher value is the "Danfeng Pavilion" plaque written by Fu Shan (now displayed in the east room of the fourth courtyard of the Qiao family). After the completion of Danfeng Pavilion, Fu Shan wrote a plaque for it. At the same time, Dai Ting style wrote "Danfeng Pavilion Records", and Fu Shan added a postscript to the back. One plaque, two notes and three notes, the sentence is puzzling.