Chapter 49 Etheism in the Song Dynasty

This is a magnifying glass lens. No wonder Zhang Zai took it for a long time. He was shocked to see Wang's side coming. Wang side looked at it for a long time. Although the mirror was simple, it was exquisite in workmanship and did not resemble the things of the Song Dynasty. He returned the lens to Zhang Zai and asked, "Where did Uncle Zhang get this?"

Zhang Zai said that he accidentally got this object when he visited the bank of the Yellow River. He put it aside for a long time and didn't pay attention to it. In the past few days, he studied the celestial phenomena. When he remembered this mirror, he used him to see the stars and the moon, which was much clearer than usual.

Zhang Zai said that he had only heard some anecdotes and foreign objects from Brother Shen before. I didn't expect to see you today.

Wang Bing asked, "Mr. Zhang can say yes, Lord Shen Kuo."

Zhang Zai nodded: "Exactly, I once heard him say: there is a light-transmitting book in the world, and there are inscriptions on the back. Every two crosses, the word is very ancient, and you can't read it. Although other sals are thin, they can't be seen through. Don't have your own Italians"

(There is a mirror that can transmit light in the world. There are inscriptions on the back of the mirror, a total of 20 words. The font is very ancient, and no one can understand it. From this point of view, the ancients had other ways to make this mirror. From "Mengxi Pen Talk")

As he said, the two had walked into Zhang Zai's study. Zhang Zai picked up two letters on the table and gave them to Wang Bian. Wang Bian saw that Bianjing and Chen Zhou came separately. The king held the letter in his arms and was ready to go back to his room to look again. He saw that Zhang Zai was looking at himself with the magnifying lens.

"Why does Uncle Zhang look at Xiao Ke like this?" The king asked puzzledly.

Zhang Zai thought and said, "I always feel very familiar with you." Wang laughs. Of course, we met in the capital last year.

Zhang Zai waved his hand, but he also explained more. He said, "You have been here for a few days, and I am also busy with official business. It happens to be free today. I also received a letter from Chenzhou Zhang Yi, which said that you have a sword."

Wang said, "Xiao Ke does have a sword occasionally. Because the sword is angry, he originally went to the master to learn swordsmanship and get angry. Master often mentioned Uncle Zhang to Xiao Ke, and Xiao Ke came up with a feeling of worship. After saying this, he took out the dagger hidden in his long shirt and handed it to him with both hands.

Zhang Zai took a look at the results and said to Wang, "I don't know anything about this sword." Wang was stunned when he listened to it, and then he heard Zhang Zai say, "There are many exaggerations and falsehoods in the world's legends. Your master and my old friends often hear me talk about the theory of Qi monism. Moreover, he also likes to study "easy learning", so he is connected with each other"

Wang was a little discouraged, but since he came, it's better to ask for advice with an open mind. Besides, the important thing for him is not on the sword, so he wants Zhang Zai to ask for advice on what anger monism is.

Zhang Zai explained that everything in heaven and earth is composed of qi, and the dissipation state of qi is called "Taixu". Taixu is the ontology of qi. The so-called ontology refers to the original form, which can also be said to be the original state of qi. Everything occurs from this ontology. In the changing movement of all things, although this qi is gathered and scattered, it will not increase or decrease. When the qi condenses, people can see it, which is called yes; when the qi dissipates, people can't see it, which is called virtual.

The dynamic and static sense of yin and yang is called Taihe, which is called Tao. The rise and fall of Taihe is the driving force of all movements. In the final analysis, it is the opposition and sympathetic feelings of yin and yang. The development and change of all specific things are due to the internal antagonism and sympathetic, which is called "one thing, two bodies".

Wang also talked to Zhang Yi as early as Chenzhou. This way of yin and yang was also mentioned, not to mention Wang knew that there was "Zhou Yi".

Listening to Zhang Zai explain that Yin and Yang remembered his black crystals such as Taiji Yin and Yang fish, he suddenly increased his interest in patience. He asked, "But I don't know that Uncle Zhang's 'one thing, two bodies' and "Zhou Yi" - Yi has Taiji, which is the difference between the two rituals."

Zhang Zaiyi was very happy. Wang asked questions, which was the key to his theory. Suddenly, he found that he had a confidant and was a little happy.

This should start from the experience of Zhang Zai's research. Since then, he has followed Fan Zhongyan's guidance, finished reading the Doctrine of the Mean, studied Laozi, Zhuangzi and Taoist books, and also read Buddhist works. After research and comparison, he finally put his academics on Confucian culture and relied on the six classics of Confucianism.

At first, young Zhang Zai was unwilling to limit his academics to a Confucian family. He wanted to explore and compare, so he learned a wide range of studies. Zhang Zai worked hard to study all kinds of natural sciences at that time, but was determined to take his own independent academic path.

Zhang Zai's knowledge has no systematic teaching. After years of study and exploration, Zhang Zai finally established his academic path. In the second year of Jiayou, he was about 40 years old. In this year, he was admitted to Jinshi and began to embark on the road of eunuch.

After so many years of exploration, he finally achieved success. How eager he is for someone to study with him, and he hopes to be recognized, even more communication.

Seeing what Wang heard was the key to his academics. He was a little excited, his eyes lit up, and he said the difference between his views and Zhou Yi in one breath:

Zhang Zai's theory of "one thing and two bodies" illustrates the contradictions of all things in the universe and points out the characteristics of the unity of opposites within things. He developed along the unity of yin and yang in Zhou Yi's "easy to have Tai Chi, and it is to give birth to two instruments". Everything has two aspects of yin and yang inside, which are two. The two categories of yin and yang can contain a variety of categories such as virtuality and reality, movement and static, dispersion, and turbidity. They are ultimately unified in one qi. Therefore, one and two are interdependent and inseparable. One breath contains the sympathetic changes of yin and yang, so all things in heaven and earth can live forever and be in the process of eternal growth and extinction.

Wang Bian doesn't know much about the philosophical category, but this theory is absolutely super strong. At least he knows that these are the foundations of materialistic philosophy, and his contribution to Chinese culture is indelible. He thought about what Zhang Zai said and felt very familiar. As for the theory of anger, he seemed to have heard of it from now on.

Wang Bian thought hard. Zhang Zai saw that he frowned and did not disturb him. Some strange thoughts appeared in Wang Bian's mind. He asked Zhang Zai, "Can you think so: heaven and earth are summarized in one breath, and this trade-off, and finally reach a balance?"

Zhang Zai clapped his hands and said, "Yes, my nephew knows what I said"

Wang asked, "How to explain the "human" things that exist in heaven and earth?"

Zhang Zai said: "The universe is a substitute for heaven and earth. Heaven and earth are the parents of all things and people. Heaven, earth and people are mixed and are in the universe, because the three are all things formed by "qi". The nature of heaven and earth is the nature of human beings. Therefore, human beings are my compatriots, all things are my friends, and all things are consistent with human nature. Of. "

After saying that, he pointed to the wall behind his body. Wang Zon noticed that the words were written on the wall of the study, "For the heart of heaven and earth, for the people, for the continuation of the saints, and peace for the world"

Zhang Zai's county magistrate's life is extremely simple, or he has all the money on the government, such as printing some brochures or entertaining the elderly in the county. The room is decorated with simple tables, chairs and furniture. There are no celebrity calligraphy and paintings on the wall, but some poems written by him, and the main sentence is very familiar to the king.

Wang Zong remembers that before he crossed the border, Zhang Zai's four sentences were summarized as "four sentences of Hengqu" by the contemporary philosopher Feng Youlan. In September 2006, the Premier of the State Council *** quoted this sentence to express his feelings in an interview with a foreign reporter on the eve of his visit to Europe.

When Wang saw this word, he was already admiring him, and what surprised him was to see that Zhang Zai actually said the word universe. So he said:

There are not only people in this universe, but also objects, stars, moon and other substances, which exist in the gas.

Zhang Zai was even more happy to hear that you came to see it. He looked at me and said that he didn't care much more beside the king. He pulled the king to the middle of the yard and pointed to the sky and said, "Look at the vast starry sky between this world. The world often says that the sun and the moon are the sun and the moon. This sun and the moon are the heart of the earth, because they are in the constant movement, rising and falling and flying. It hasn't stopped."

The king looked up at the sky and listened to what Zhang Zai said in his ear: "The sun, moon and the five stars of gold, wood, water, fire and earth are slow, slow, fast and fast in operation, because their properties are different. There is an interaction between Venus, Mars and the sun, which affects the speed of the two stars. The driving force of the earth's own movement comes from the interaction of its internal yin and yang.

After he finished speaking, the two looked at each other at the same time, and Wang's side also smoothed up the thoughts in his mind just now. When he was thinking hard, the last two words were finally picked out in thousands of thoughts. Seeing what Zhang Zai said, it was the universe and the earth. He thought quickly in his mind, who was this man and what he mastered. It is by no means the theory of the Song Dynasty.

These two strange words were repeatedly confirmed by the king, but they were not stopped by himself and blurted out: "Aristotle, Ether!"

Zhang Zai was first shocked by what he said, and then confused by what Wang said. He didn't understand at all. He saw that Wang's arms seemed to embrace the sky, thinking that Wang was crazy.

The king was not crazy. I even suspected that Zhang Zai also came through the border. It was not Aristotle who got the present. It was not about crossing time and crossing the festival. This idea was really crazy, so he couldn't help spreading his arms to the sky and hugging the sky.

However, it is obvious that Zhang Zai is not. The more he looks at the king, the more familiar he is. He pulls up the king's arm and diagnoses the pulse for the king. The pulse was still stable. Looking at Wang's side's look, Wang's side was originally very excited, but he was embarrassing by Zhang Zai's series of actions that calmed down first.

Zhang Zai said that it was very inspiring to talk with his nephew in detail today. I will write it down first and carefully consider it later.

The king went back to his room to rest and read the two letters.

One letter is written by Yuanze, talking about some things in the capital and at home, and it is safe at home. There is one thing in the capital, that is, after Nong Jifeng returned, Jiaozhi was much more honest, especially like two monsters entering the palace of the imperial court, and Jiaozhi called himself "Kirin". Yuan Ze said that they look like buffaloes, but their bodies are covered with fleshy scales; there are unicorns on the nose, eating grass, melons and fruits, etc. They must be hit with sticks before they are willing to eat

Wang's heart said that this unicorn has only been heard of but has never seen it. Is there really such a thing? You must have a good look when you go back to the capital in the future.

Looking at Chen Zhou's letter, Lu Shenyan wrote that, first, the family was safe, but there was still no news; second, Xiao Lu felt that there were few people in the villa, so he married Rouge Tiger, and also accompanied Rouer at that time; the third was the letter homework of Master Zhang Yi. Let him do what he needs in the capital on the way back to Bianjing, and only do the first practice of business.

There are joys and worries in this. It is difficult for the king to fall asleep. Thinking of Zhang Zai's words today, he decided that he must ask the secret of crossing the ancient and modern stones tomorrow.