The historical mystery of Xiang Yu, the overlord of Western Chu
The mystery of history: Why did the two legions of the late Qin Dynasty participate in the rebellion on Saturday, May 23, 2009 0324P.M. The so-called two main legions of the Qin Dynasty refer to the 300,000 northern legions. Their main tasks are to fight against the Xiongnu and defend the national boundaries. Their original commander was Meng Tian, but because of the sudden death of the First Emperor of Qin, Zhao Gao took the opportunity to contact Li Si to support Hu Hai, kill his son Fu Su, arrested the Meng brothers, and sent his confidants. Wang Li led the northern army, then secretly returned to Xianyang, and eradicated the opposition forces in the court, and finally made Hu Hai ascend to the second throne.
The Southern Legion is a guide to the 500,000 troops in the expedition to South Vietnam. Personally, I think the main reasons why it did not participate in the rescue are:
1. Zhao Tuo, the commander of the Southern Legion, did rebel against independence. At the same time, he was afraid because of the experience of the commander of the Northern Legion and refused to implement the instructions of the Qin court;
2. The logistics support of the Southern Legion is huge, which can no longer support the crumbling Qin Empire. At the same time, the beacon smoke everywhere cannot guarantee the logistics of the army at all, so the Southern Legion chooses to wait and see;
3. The harsh government of the Qin Dynasty made the loyalty from officials to colonels as strong as expected.
At the same time, Qin II ascended the throne in July of the 37th year of the First Emperor, and Chen Sheng and Wu Guang's uprising broke out in July of the first year of the second emperor (209 BC), less than a year apart. In the past year, Hu Hai and Zhao Gao wanted to stabilize their rule and exclude dissidents. Of course, they originally belonged to the public. Zifusu's Northern Legion is among the control and change. Although it arrested the Meng brothers and sent his confidant Wang Li to lead the northern army, it still takes time to fully control the Northern Legion. At the same time, although the northern Xiongnu were attacked and lost their inherent Hetao area at the time of the First Emperor, their military power is still there. They stared at the territory of the Qin Dynasty. Therefore, the troops that Zhao Gao and the Qin court used to suppress in the face of Chen Sheng and Wu Guang's uprising were the prisoners who repaired the Mausoleum of Lishan. It was estimated that there were nearly 200,000 soldiers led by Zhang Handan, Shaofu. In fact, this was really a little difficult for Shaofu Zhang Handan to cook without rice. While the Northern Legion could not be mobilized and the Southern Legion independently watched, the slaves who repaired the mausoleum were fighting against the swarming insurgents everywhere. After Chen Sheng's uprising, Xiang Liang, the son of Xiang Yan, a famous general of the old Chu Dynasty, and Xiang Yu, the nephew of Liang, killed Qin Huiji County in Wu (now Suzhou, Jiangsu) and rose up to respond. Soon, Xiang Liang led 8,000 soldiers to cross the river north, and the team expanded to 60,000 to 70,000, and Lien Zhan won. The Minyue nobles also led the clan and followed Qin Fanyang to order Wu Rui to oppose Qin. Liu Bang, the former pavilion chief of Pei County, and some of the prisoners fled to Shanze. They also attacked Peiling and were included in the Xiangliang army. Xiang Liang made the grandson of King Huai of Chu as the King of Chu. Later, Xiang Liang was defeated in Dingtao, and Qin Zhang Handan's army turned north and crossed the river to attack Zhao. At this time, Wang Li, the general of the Northern Legion, also led a large army east from Shangjun (now southeast of Yulin, Shaanxi) and surrounded the Julu City (now Pingxiang, Hebei Province) garrisoned by Zhang Er and Zhao Wangxi. The Northern Legion officially joined the battle against the rebellion. In the process of besieging the giant deer, the king of Northern Chu sent Song Yi and Xiang Yu to save Zhao and Liu Bangxi into the customs. Song Yi north to Anyang and can't stay in. Xiang Yu killed Song Yi and led troops to cross the Zhang River. After a fierce battle, he was pushed to the prince * army. After that, Qin General Zhang Han surrendered to him with 200,000 people. Most of the Northern Legion was also annihilated, and the remaining border troops were also lost under the attack of the Huns. The Huns took advantage of the melee in the mainland and recaptured the Hetao area.
Here is a question that may be asked why the combat effectiveness of the Northern Legion, which was the country's elite at that time and experienced in fighting against the Huns, has such a huge gap from the previous one.
1. The purge carried out by the Qin court, as the main military force to support the eldest prince Fusu, of course, will not be reassured by Zhao Gao and Hu Hai, so there will certainly be considerable personnel and troops, which should seriously weaken the combat effectiveness of the Northern Legion;
2. It is the chain of the above reasons. There must be a force within the Northern Legion to avenge the prince Fu Su and General Meng Tian or against Wang Li, which is also a relatively important factor in the damage to the military's combat effectiveness;
3. The reason is the same as that of the Southern Legion. The harsh government of the Qin Dynasty made the loyalty of officials and soldiers from officers to colonels not as strong as expected.
4. The combat locations are very different, and the battle between the outside of Serbia and the Central Plains is not suitable. The Northern Legion is facing the strong combat effectiveness of the Xiongnu cavalry, but facing the coalition forces in the Central Plains may have restricted the combat effectiveness of the Northern Legion.
5 The combat effectiveness of the coalition led by Xiang Yu is strong. According to historical records, Xiang Yu has rarely suffered defeats in the late Qin Dynasty and even in the Chu and Han War, and the combat effectiveness is supported by the righteous people.
II
The mystery of Xiang Yu's killing of the Qin army: folk sites have not been officially recorded
More than 2,000 years ago, 200,000 Qin soldiers were killed by Xiang Yu's army overnight. The historical record of the pit killing is in the area of today's Yima 20 miles. In 1912, the workers who built the Longhai Railway excavated a lot of white bones here. The site that exists today is a pit 400 meters long from east to west and 250 meters wide from north to south.
The wind and rain are gradually decadent, and there are green crops and poplars growing around. However, there is no official record of the site on the map of Henan cultural relics distribution. More than 2,000 years ago, has there really been a terrible massacre in this land?
A brutal killing
"Historical Records · Qin Chu's Moon Table IV" records: "Xiang Yu sent more than 400,000 vassals to Henan in the west." In October 206 BC, Xiang Yu, who recovered the old land of the six countries, led a large army and began to march towards Qin. In this army that attacked the base camp of the Qin Dynasty, there were 200,000 Qin soldiers who had just surrendered. When the troops went to the ancient city of Xin'an to camp, the "small news" circulating in the barracks triggered a rare massacre.
The professor of the Department of History of Northwestern University told reporters that the northwest corner of Gaoping, Shanxi Jincheng, more than 100 kilometers away from the ancient city of Xin'an, is the site of the battle between Qin soldiers and Zhao soldiers, which is the place where Qin Bai killed 400,000 Zhao troops. 54 years later, the ancient city of Xin'an staged another shocking tragedy.
However, the perpetrators were soldiers of the six countries who had been enslaved by the Qin soldiers. In the same way, they returned the tyranny of the Qin army to the Qin army.
Historians believe that the root cause of the massacre still lies in the tyranny of Qin Shihuang. After unifying China, this king spared no effort and frequently recruited the labor of the six countries to build tombs, build the Great Wall and cultivate roads, humiliated those who were enslaved. The Rebel soldiers did not forget these humiliations, and now they have a chance to start abusing Qin soldiers at will on the road.
We can't speculate on the mentality of the surrender soldiers at that time. In order to save their lives, they may have to endure humiliation and bear heavy burdens. However, when the team walked to the ancient city of Xin'an and saw that they were about to leave the Hangu Pass in the west, the mood of the Qin soldiers must be very complicated.
When describing this period of history in the Historical Records, Xiang Yubenji said that Qin officials whispered, "General Zhang and others cheated that I belonged to the princes, and now they can enter the customs to break through Qin, which is great; that is, they can't, the princes take over my family to the east, and Qin will kill my parents and wives."
These surrendered Qin troops were not only worried about Xiang Yu's victory, but also worried that they would become the Qin traitors who led the wolf into the house; but also worried that Xiang Yu's failure, the Qin Dynasty would kill all their parents, wives and children. So it is inevitable to complain about your master. But these whispered comments did not escape the eyes and ears of the Chu army.
"Historical Records Xiang Yu Ben Ji" said: "The princes heard about his plan to tell Xiang Yu."
It is said that it is Jiujiang Wang Tingbu who reported the dynamics of Qin soldiers to Xiang Yu, and there is no accurate record of this in the history books. If it is true, I'm afraid he didn't even expect that such gossip would bring such a terrible disaster to the surrender of 200,000 Qin soldiers.
After receiving the report, Xiang Yu discussed with Generals Tingbu and Pu. Finally, the three came up with opinions that "There are many Qin soldiers in the army. If they do not obey the command or defect in battle after entering the customs, it will be very difficult to win. It is better to kill them as soon as possible to avoid future troubles." Therefore, "the Chu army suddenly killed more than 200,000 Qin soldiers in the south of Xin'an City at night."
The sad ancient city of Xin'an
According to historical records, the place where Xiang Yu killed 200,000 Qin soldiers was killed by Qianqiu Town in the ancient city of Xin'an, which is the main transportation route from the Central Plains to the northwest. Chukeng, which is commonly referred to as the south of Xin'an, also refers to here. "Hanxin'an County, that is, the place where Qin died." The same statement is also recorded in the Records of Xiang Yu, saying that "the Chu army attacked 200,000 Qin soldiers in the south of Xin'an City at night." The ancient city of Xin'an is today's West Lixingwan Village of Yima 20lipu Village.
However, the reporter learned from the local historical office that Xin'an at that time was not the Xin'an county town rebuilt from the Sui Dynasty today, but the county seat established by the First Emperor of Qin in 221 BC. Xin'an Ancient City is located in the northeast of the new city, around the Shihe River in 20 Lipu Village, 13 kilometers away from Mianchi in the west. Most of the rectangular ancient city ruins have been flooded by stream water. Archaeology has found the soil layer of the underground wall. At the same time, it is the "chu pit" that has experienced several storms on the ground.
The stars have changed, time and space have changed, and history has already experienced several reincarnations. The 400-meter-long, 250-meter-wide site known as the "Chukeng" in the eyes of the residents near the 20-milepu, only contains countless wandering souls. Few people consider whether it really witnessed a tyrannical massacre more than 2,000 years ago?
A large number of human bones were dug out of the pit
Today's "Chukeng" site is called "ten thousand pits" in the local area. To the south is the Jianhe River that originates in Shaanxi County, and to the north of the pit is Tuling and Li Xingwan Village, which is flat from east to west. The reporter looked through the Records of Yima and Mianchi County and found that there was also a white dragon temple and an octagonal blue stone well on the right side of the "ten thousand pit" site. When the Longhai Railway was built in 1912, they were all destroyed and no longer existed.
However, historical discoveries and coincidences are often generated in such destruction and reconstruction. When the workers who built the Longhai Railway were building in Lixingwan Village, the iron picks deep underground dug out a lot of white bones from the soil. According to local chronicles, this is the site where 200,000 Qin soldiers were killed in Xiang Yu pit in history, but at this time, the warlords fought in a melee, and the site was not continued to be excavated or preserved.
Experts from the School of History of Henan University said that until the 1970s, farmers often dug out a large number of human bones when leveling land in pits.
Now many years have passed. Although Chukeng is wet and decadent, its scale is still clearly discernable. It is completely hidden in the tall poplars and green wheat fields. Like several scattered farmyards in the distance, it is waiting for a fresh pastoral scenery. No matter how people imagine it, it can't connect it with the burial place where 200,000 Qin soldiers surrendered, and the era of corpses and iron spears of mourning killing.
However, history has come after all. However, are 200,000 people really killed here overnight?
Digital Suspense
"Historical Records · The Fourth Moon Table at the Time of Qin and Chu" records: November, "The feather fraud pit killed 200,000 soldiers from Qin and surrendered to Xin'an."
According to historical books, it seems to be a conclusive fact that 200,000 Qin soldiers were killed in the ancient city of Xin'an. Except for the generals Zhang Han, Sima Xin and Dong Yi, all the other soldiers were left. Xiang Yu Benji revealed, "And he entered Qin alone with Zhang Han, Chang Shixin and Du Wei."
But people who study history believe that this number is questionable. Since Xiang Yu asked Changshixin to lead the Qin soldiers to surrender, it proves that the Qin army has accepted the adaptation and has not been confiscated and "wased forward." In this way, it is not easy to make 200,000 soldiers disappear overnight.
Zhu Shaohao, an expert on the history of ancient wars and a professor of history of Henan University, analyzed that the killed Qin soldiers may only be part of the surrender of the Qin army who followed Zhang Han's surrender and wanted to betray the chaos halfway, because at that time, under *, the surrender of the army usually had a timid mentality and lacked the courage to fight. When some of their partners faced killing, no one stood up to really resist. In this way, the surrendered Qin soldiers were disrupted, and the 200,000-strong army no longer existed.
"In addition, there is no denying the possibility of falsely reporting the number of killing enemies. In ancient wars, some generals won the war and deliberately overreve them out of the need to ask for credit.
How the Qin army's soldiers were killed
There is no detailed record of this brutal killing in history books.
The difficulty of killing tens of thousands of soldiers with weapons can be imagined. If the surrendered Qin soldiers knew in advance that the disaster was coming, I'm afraid no one would be willing to lead the neck to kill. Therefore, before killing Qin soldiers, Xiang Yu should have designed a set of tricks to deceive the soldiers.
According to the "feather fraud pit killing" described in "Historical Records · Qin and Chu's Moon Table IV", historical researchers speculate that the surrendered soldiers must first be concentrated to do one thing, which may be digging a pit. In a large area of countryside southwest of Xin'an's old city, Qin soldiers were expelled and dug pits by soldiers from six countries. Of course, perhaps they did not realize the danger. The Qin army, who was used to being bullied by the victorious army, surrendered and dug a big hole according to the instructions of the Chu army. When the big pit was dug to a height that the soldiers could not climb, the soldiers of the six countries who had supervised their work suddenly became ferocious. Countless spears and iron guns aimed at the body in the pit. Crazy assassinations, blood and soil, wailing and grief, begging for mercy and scolding were intertwined. A tragic blood spread out of our sight.
History cannot be forgotten
Xiang Yu, who is murderous, always has a burning desire to conquer in his bones. In the face of unconvinced surrendered troops, he can no longer give him weapons and fight with his army again. The only way is to make them completely perish. Those soldiers who surrendered were destined to be exiled, but they would not expect that their destination was in the pit. Among them, perhaps someone has thought that if they go a little further, they can cross the old way and return to their hometown. Unfortunately, the disaster suddenly fell, and no one could escape.
After the layers of bones piled up and covered with blood and tears, the Qin soldiers were buried in the dust, the continuous howls also disappeared in an instant. Thousands of years passed, Xiang Yu and the Chu pit he "made", as well as the killing and blood hidden in it, have become historical scars for historians to find and trace endlessly.
The sad sound of the old days is vague, and today's gentle wind flows calmly. It turns out that there is no spirit that can cross the space-time corridor and continue to affect today's life, even if it was once bloody.
On the ruins of the "10,000 pit" silently hidden in the countryside, it is said that the only shocking thing is the occasional flash of phosphorus fire at night. The gas decomposed from the rotten bones is always inadvertently suspended on the ground and drifts with the airflow. In 759, the great poet Du Futu After this, he left "Xiang's cruelty, Qin Bing is trapped here. The poem "The clouds are always there, and the ghost is bright now..."
Today, few people will specifically go to see the phosphorus fire there at night. This place is already calm. In the new spring, bright peach blossoms, as well as green wheat seedlings, tall poplars and golden rape flowers, have grown. Far and near villages are shrouded in oil painting-like colors. For a moment, it was almost forgotten that there was a frightening history buried here. ( Wang Jie/text)
For many years, the story about burning the Afang Palace has been circulating among the people...
Some people say that it was dug up by the local villagers, some people say that it was burned by Xiang Yu, some people say that the record of the Historical Records is wrong, and some people say that Afang Palace does not exist at all--
There are only a few places in the world that have been prosperous for more than 3,000 years, and Xi'an is one of them. People who grew up here may not know that the land under their feet was once the most beautiful palace in Chinese history. At the beginning of the 20th century, the Afang Palace archaeological team jointly organized by the Institute of Archaeology of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences and the Xi'an Institute of Cultural Relics Protection and Archaeology came to the ancient city of Xi'an. This time, a task force composed of authoritative archaeological experts is to find the Afang Palace, which has been sealed by the yellow dust for more than 2,000 years...
"Six kings, one in four seas. Shushan, Afang came out... Chu people's torch, poor scorched earth" This is a sentence that many Chinese people are familiar with. Therefore, the intention of the archaeological team's westbound this time is very clear, which is to find the ruins of the palace destroyed by the fire. According to the historical documents and the suggestions of archaeologists in Shaanxi Province, the archaeological team successfully found the ruins of the legendary Afang Palace, but then, the results of the excavation were unexpected...
Is it Xiang Yu's Afang Palace?
Will the traces left by the fire have been erased because more than 2000 years have passed and countless storms of wind, frost, rain and snow?
In order to know more exactly what the burned ruins looked like, the archaeological team of Afang Palace came to the ruins of Changle Palace in the Han Dynasty, which was once one of the most gorgeous palaces in Chang'an City, the capital of the Han Dynasty, and the residence of the mother of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. It is said that more than 2,000 years ago, Ajiao, who was good at dancing with long sleeves, met here. Liu Che, the young Wudi of the Han Dynasty, has achieved such a romantic affair that has been passed down for thousands of years. However, at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Changle Palace, like other palaces in the Han Dynasty, could not escape the fate of being burned. More than 2000 years later, and the traces of the fire are still vivid.
After a careful comparison of the two sites, Zhang Jianfeng, a member of the archaeological team of Afang Palace, became more and more uneasy, because in his opinion, Afang Palace did not seem to have experienced a fire at all.
If it is also burned down, why do the two buildings that are not far apart look so different? Zhang Qingfeng wandered in the palace of the Han Dynasty, with a bold conjecture in his heart, but he did not dare to say it.
Afang Palace was burned by Xiang Yu. This story has been circulating in China for 2000 and has been quoted as an allusion by countless literati. It also seems to be a common thing in the archaeological world. Therefore, although almost every member of the Afang Palace archaeological team had the same idea at that time - Afang Palace was not burned! But no one dares to say it.
Is the excavated area too small to miss the burned part?
Is it because there are too few excavation places and just missed the burned part of Afang Palace? Hundreds of days passed, and there was no trace of burning. Li Yufang, the team leader, began to feel anxious, just like the fire burning in her heart more than 2,000 years ago.
After repeated consideration, Li Yufang decided to improve the method and use large-scale spying to confirm whether the land has encountered a fire, because this method can quickly detect dozens of centimeters below the ground. In order to find the fire more than 2,000 years ago, the Afang Palace archaeological team made five detection holes per square meter within the site, but the result still disappointed them. At this time, Li Yufang strengthened her confidence. She thought it was time to open the mystery and tell the truth.
"Afang Palace has not been burned at all". The legend that people have believed in since 2000 is actually a misunderstanding. As soon as this argument was put forward, it triggered a debate in the Chinese archaeological community. Some people rudely pointed out: Did you get the wrong location and dug for a long time, it is not Afang Palace at all?
Is it the wrong record in the Historical Records?
Sun Hongfu, an archaeologist, believes that according to historical records, in order to build the Afang Palace, Qin Shihuang invited countless wizards to find the feng shui treasure near Xianyang. Finally, he thought that the place between the two capitals of the Zhou Dynasty was the most suitable. Based on the work done by predecessors and the personal experience of the Afang Palace archaeological team this time, the archaeological team believes that the current excavation site is the only possibility.
Although the archaeological team thinks that the evidence is conclusive, they are still facing great pressure for a simple reason, because some scholars believe that if they admit that Afang Palace has not been burned, then the Historical Records is wrong. For thousands of years, the Historical Records has been regarded as the best classic for the study of ancient history, and some people even think that overthrowing the Historical Records is equivalent to shaking the ancient history of China. In this regard, Sun Hongfu thought that he had to move.
Sun Hongfu recalled that when people deciphered the history of Yin Shang more than ten years ago, they also encountered a similar situation. According to the Historical Records, the brutal Yin Shang had nearly a thousand years of rule, which made him the longest-lived dynasty in history. However, according to people's archaeological discoveries, the era of the demise of Shang was much earlier than that described by Sima Qian, and there are more than 500 years of fallacies. This time, will the Historical Records also be wrong on the issue of Afang Palace?
Like other history books, Sima Qian also hopes to achieve the effect of satirizing the past and the present. For this purpose, will he imagine the fire 2,000 years ago?
After careful analysis of historical materials, Sun Hongfu found a reasonable explanation for the sentence "Burning the Qin Palace, not extinguished in March" in Historical Records. In order to verify Sun Hongfu's statement, Zhang Jianfeng made a special trip to Xianyang. In the piles cleaned up by Xianyang, he clearly saw the traces of the fire.
Seeing that the fire mentioned by Sima Qian in "Historical Records" really happened in Xianyang, so who moved the fire to Afang Palace? Or have there been two big fires in 2000?
It is clearly pointed out that the Afang Palace was destroyed by fire, and the most famous person is Du Mu, the great poet of the Tang Dynasty. To this day, some scholars have based on his Afang Palace Fu and insist that Li Yufang's conclusion is wrong.
But just because Du Mu is a writer, it is not enough to deny the view of the archaeological team.
Is the burned Afang Palace dug up by the villagers?
At the end of 2003, the archaeological team of Afang Palace found a large number of broken tiles on the north wall of Afang Palace, which made Li Yufang quite excited. Where did a large number of Han Dynasty tiles come from? Why did it appear in the buildings of the Qin Dynasty?
Has Afang Palace been used until the Han Dynasty? This may excite experts.
Experts from the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences and Xi'an Archaeological Institute said that the Afang Palace was not burned, and the information spread. Villagers from ten miles and eight villages had a new interest in Afang Palace. They said that why did Xiang Yu, the king of Chu let go of Afang Palace? There must be something strange in this? For a while, the area of Afang Palace was more lively than 2,000 years ago.
What is puzzling is why Xiang Yu let go of Afang Palace? Even the experts of the archaeological team are puzzled. Since he has burned Xianyang Palace, Terracotta Warriors and other treasures of the Qin Dynasty, why do you raise your hand here in Afang Palace? While Li Yufang was racking her brains for the ancient man more than 2,000 years ago, the farmers who came to see the bustle provided her with a clue. The 81-year-old Yang Huaishan recalled that he remembered that in the 1970s, several nearby villages had moved near this site. Could it be that they inadvertently Dig up the burned floor of Afang Palace.
What Yang Huaishan said was called a "conference war" in the local area. At that time, villagers from several villages and even several townships gathered together to dig and fill the village. If the ruins of the front hall of the Afang Palace had been dug more than 2 meters deep at that time, then everything would be gone. But from the wall of Afang Palace outside this **, the archaeological team can clearly see the strata of different eras. In the lower Qin Dynasty and the Han Dynasty in the upper part, how can farmers bypass the upper strata and only dig a large area of about 200,000 square meters of loess in the lower layer?
Li Yufang, the leader, threw out an explosive view - Afang Palace was not built at all until the beginning of 2004, and "Afang Palace has never burned" finally became a conclusion in the archaeological community. At this time, almost every day, groups of fellow villagers came to the scene, and people asked and dug out What baby? Because many literati in history have depicted the treasures of Afang Palace. It is said that after Qin destroyed the six kingdoms and unified the Central Plains, all the treasures collected by the six kingdoms were moved to Afang Palace. For a while, when the baby of Afang Palace was unearthed became the favorite topic of local people. At this time, Li Yufang, the leader of the archaeological team, made another explosive view that Afang Palace was not built at all. This disappointed the villagers waiting to see the baby and surprised the whole archaeological community.
When we are talking about "Xiang Yu's burning Afang Palace", in fact, one of the most fundamental problems has been ignored - has there really been a poetic Afang Palace? The legend of Afang Palace for two thousand years, how can it determine its existence?
The solid evidence of the existence of Afang Palace can only be a written description or a physical object at that time. However, Li Yufang, the leader of the archaeological team of Afang Palace, admitted that no such historical evidence has been found so far. If the palace is built, no matter how it is burned, it should be like the ruins of Qin Xianyang Palace, with more than a meter of rubble piled up, but the Afang Palace site does not.
Liu Qingzhu, director of the Institute of Archaeology of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences: If the palace is built, the gold and silver treasures will be looted, but how come there is not even a broken bowl?
Sun Fuxi, director of Xi'an Institute of Cultural Relics Protection and Archaeology: The Historical Records clearly records that when Qin II ascended the throne, the Afang Palace "was not yet in place", because the first emperor "collapsed", so he stopped work and drove 700,000 workers to repair the Qin Mausoleum. By April of this year, Chen Sheng and Wu Guang reversed in July. After such a little time, it is obvious that the Afang Palace can't be built.
In history, the Afang Palace has not been built, let alone burned down. It is just an endless dream of the First Emperor of Qin. Its excessive beauty and luxury have aggravated the bad luck of the Qin Dynasty, which makes it a notorious palace. After the Qin Dynasty, Chinese kings have never had similar ideas for nearly 2,000 years. ( CCTV "Close to Science")
Did Xiang Yu burn the Afang Palace?
I wrote an article "Afang Palace" at the beginning of the year, which caused a lot of controversy after being reprinted by various websites. Some people say that Sima Qian made it clear in the Historical Records that Xiang Yu set fire to Afang Palace and "the fire will not go out in March". How can it be said that Afang Palace is unnecessary?
I am not talking nonsense, but also based on historical data and existing archaeological excavations. Today's newspaper reported that after five years of excavation and verification, the national archaeological department announced the results: Afang Palace only laid the foundation of the front hall and was not built at all. The so-called "Shu Mountain, Afang out... three steps and one pavilion... Overwhelm more than 300 miles" Yunyun, but it was the Tang poet Du Mu who borrowed the wine glass of the First Emperor of Qin to water the corruption in the late Tang Dynasty. It's just a block.
Therefore, when some websites reprinted my article, they changed the title to the sensational "Xiang Yu's burning of Afang Palace is the stolen goods planted by Du Mu..." It seems that Du Mu deliberately framed Xiang Yu. In fact, although Du Mu is "borrowing Qin to satirize the Tang Dynasty", the literati are not archaeologists and can confirm everything, but he is by no means looking forward to the wind. Please read this paragraph of "Historical Records":
Thirty-five years, except for the road, Dao Jiuyuan arrived in Yunyang, the mountains and valleys, and went straight to it. So the first emperor thought that there were many people in Xianyang, and the court of the former king was small. I heard that the capital of King Wen of Zhou was Feng, the capital of King Wu was the governor, the capital of Fenghao, and the capital of the emperor. It is in the forest garden in the south of Weinan Palace. First, make the front hall, 500 steps from east to west, 50 feet from north to south, tens of thousands of people can sit on top, and five feet of flag can be built under. Zhou Chi was the cabinet road and went straight from His Highness to Nanshan. The top of Nanshan Mountain is regarded as a turbulence. In order to restore the road, from Afang to Wei, it belongs to Xianyang, and arrives at the camp with the best Han Dynasty. Afang Palace has not been completed; if it has been completed, I want to choose a more name. The palace is called Afang, so the world is called Afang Palace. There are more than 700,000 prisoners in the Hidden Palace, which are divided into Afang Palace or Lishan. The stone of the north mountain is written that all the materials of Shu and Jing are coming. There are 300 palaces in Guanzhong and more than 400 outside Guan. So he stood in the world of Shidong Sea and thought it was Qin Dongmen. Because of the migration of 30,000 Liyi and 50,000 Yunyang, they are no longer ten years old.
It turned out that the First Emperor of Qin got the world and wanted to enjoy happiness. He thought that there were many people in the capital Xianyang and the palace was too small, so he wanted to build a "world-class" palace. This palace was built in a place called "Afang", so he took a temporary name "Afang Palace". Then, Taishigong made a special statement: "Afang Palace has not been completed, and he wants to choose more orders. The name." This clearly tells us that, first, the Afang Palace has not been built at all; second, the Afang Palace is only a temporary name taken by the place. How can such an important grand building that embodies the first emperor's thinking be used as the name of the "Afang Palace"? You can see how well Taishigong uses the word "desire" here. The "desire" person "thinks". The great palace includes its name, but the "hopeful" of Qin Shihuang has not become a reality, which is in line with the current archaeological experts's research!
From this point of view, Du Mu's "Ode to Afang Palace" is not completely nonsense. After all, there is a "shadow" that can "see the wind" and "cat" it. In fact, he just borrowed the name of "Afang Palace" to interpret the historical tragedy of the rise and decline of the Qin Dynasty in an attempt to summarize some lessons. However, the magnificent scenes of the palace in his article are not fabricated, but not called Afang Palace. Please refer to the records of Historical Records:
In 27 years, the First Emperor toured the west and north of Long, went out of Jitou Mountain, and returned to the middle. In the south of the belief palace, he has ordered the palace to be the extreme temple, like the extreme of heaven. From the extreme temple road to Lishan, it is used as the front hall of Ganquan. The road is built from Xianyang. It's the year, and it's the first level. Zhidao.
After the First Emperor toured the north, he built the Changxin Palace and built a corridor leading to Lishan Mountain. Why go straight to Lishan Mountain? Lishan has his mausoleum. As soon as he came to power, he began to build his "underworld" in Lishan. He had to enjoy it even if he died.
The world is divided into 36 counties, with guards, lieutenants and supervisors. The name was changed to "Jianshou". Da Yu. Collect the soldiers from all over the world, gather in Xianyang, sell them as Zhongqi, twelve golden people, weigh thousands of stones, and put them in the palace. One method to balance stone feet. The car is on the same track. Books and words. The land reaches the sea and North Korea in the east, Lintao and Qiangzhong in the west, households in the south to the north, the river in the north, and Yinshan to Liaodong. The world is rich in Xianyang. The temples, Zhangtai and Shanglin are all in Weinan. Qin broke the princes and put his palace. He made it in the north of Xianyang and Wei in the south. From the east of Yongmen to Jing and Wei, the palace house was restored to the Zhou Pavilion. The bells and drums of the princes were filled with.
hehe, in addition to moving 120,000 rich households in the world to the capital Xianyang, every time Qin Shihuang destroyed a country, he "written" the palace of that country on Xianyang "Beihan", destroyed one by one and copied them, and hid the stolen beauty bells and drums in it, east of Yongmen. Until the Weihe River and Jinghe River, the palaces are connected by the "refu road" - how many houses will it take!
In contrast to this, let's look at Du Mu's description: "The concubine, the prince and grandson, resigned from the downstairs hall and came to Qin. The morning song and night string, for the people of the Qin Palace. Stars are fluorescent, opening makeup mirrors; green clouds are disturbing, combing Xiaoyu; Wei flowing is greasily, discarding fat and water; smoke is slanting fog, burning pepper orchids. Thunder was shocked, and the palace car passed by; when I heard it from afar, I didn't know where it was. One muscle and one face, extremely beautiful, standing far-sighted, and looking fortunate; thirty-six years of unsighted people. Yan Zhao's collection, Han Wei's management, Qi Chu's elite, for several years, plagiarized his people and relied on them like mountains; once they could not have it, they lost, jade, gold nuggets and beads, abandoned, and the Qin people did not hesitate to regard it. Although one is the brush of a historian, concise and accurate, and the other is a literati, gorgeous and decorated, we can see that Du Mu's descriptions are just flesh and blood-created according to the concise description of Taishi Gongyan, and the core facts are not fabricated, are they? Can those robbed beautiful women not force their faces to sing happily in front of the new king? Can you not dress up? Therefore, Du Mu said, "The night string of the morning song is for the people of the Qin Palace", "the Wei water is greasy, and the fat water is abandoned", "the thunder is suddenly shocked, and the palace car has passed by". It is just a restoration of history. There is no exaggeration at all. Is it possible that the First Emperor of Qin built so many palaces for decoration?
Talking about the issue of "burning" again, still quote the original text of "Historical Records":
For a few days, Xiang Yu led troops to slaughter Xianyang in the west, killed Qin Wang Ziying, and burned the Qin palace. The fire will not be extinguished in March. Xiang Yu Benji)
Do you think how serious Tai Shigong is? It is said that Xiang Yu did burn the Qin Palace, and the fire will not be extinguished in March. Is it easy to burn so many palaces from Xianyang to Lishan? Therefore, to "the fire will not go out in March" - here needs to make up that when the terracotta warriors and horses were excavated in the 1970s, the management was not strict. The author once personally went down to the pit that was being excavated and found layers of burnt charcoal on the pit wall. Touch it, and his hands were full of black and gray, indicating that it was the "forbidden" of terracotta warriors and horses. The guard unit is also "living" in the house and was indeed destroyed by fire - however, Sima Qian is not Du Mu. He absolutely did not say that he burned the Afang Palace, or "burning the Qin Palace" with the sentence, so as not let your descendants grasp any flaws, isn't it?
From this conclusion, did Xiang Yu burn? It burned, and burned the "Qin Palace" and "the fire will not be extinguished in March", but it did not burn the Afang Palace, because the so-called Afang Palace does not exist at all, just a rammed platform.
So why did Xiang Yu burn the Qin Palace?
First of all, let's see why Xiang Yu brutally killed 200,000 soldiers. Xiang Yu's book records that after Zhang Han surrendered in the Qin Dynasty, Xiang Yu's soldiers were forced by the First Emperor of Qin to serve in Xianyang and Lishan to serve in corvée. They not only suffered, but also were bullied by Qin soldiers. Now they won. Qin soldiers surrendered and were captured. They took the opportunity to retaliate. It was common to beat, scold and insult. Therefore, those Qin soldiers who surrendered thought that they were fooled by Zhang Han, and everyone was indignant and the army was unstable. Someone reported this situation to Xiang Yu. Xiang Yu thought it was okay? After we entered Xianyang, as soon as they rebelled, we abandoned all our previous achievements, so we decided, "The Chu army attacked Qin and surrendered 200,000 soldiers to the south of Xin'an City at night."
The same truth, the First Emperor of Qin built the Great Wall, built palaces, camped the Qin Mausoleum, and sent more than 700,000 poor people in the world all year round. How many hardships have those hard work suffered? Yu Jin won. Thinking of the hardships of those years, can you not be angry when you see the mausoleums and palaces that almost killed them? Those are farmers thousands of years ago. They don't know any cultural relics and monuments, and they can't wait to burn their mother's anger! Xiang Yu is only their representative. He fought in the south and the north. He was invincible and invincible. It was by no means that he boasted that he relied to be "powering up the mountains and the world". If he alone did not know how to win the heart of the army, there would never be so many best friends following him, so he burned the Qin Palace and was also a means to win the hearts of the army. When However, there is also the bone hatred that "although there are three families in Chu, the death of Qin will be Chu".
So, in the vigorous Qin Dynasty, Xiang Yu's fire really became a "poor scorched earth".
Qin, the "Kingty of Tigers and Wolves" finally died brutally; Xiang Yu traveled all over the world, and was violent and finally destroyed by the King of Han. Confucius said that the tyranny was fiercer than the tiger, and the tiger also devoured itself? Sad!
(data transferred from the network)