194 is greater than this

At this time, in Hong Kong, south of the world, the night is deep, the sky is clear, and a full moon is hanging like an ice plate, shining the sea and sky like mercury, like a dream.

Sun Yat-sen just arrived in Hong Kong, wandering alone in the home of a party member.

He looked up at the sky. Yesterday, he received a letter from the monk from Tokyo, saying that Mars retreated to Jinsu and entered the Yanyun division. The star map is tested, and within a few months, it can expel the taratus, restore China, and clean up. Now the situation of the Qing court, the monk doesn't say anything, and he also knows it.

He searched for the vast sky, but he couldn't find the monk's so-called "fire retreats the ghost gold, then the fire can shine gold; if the well wood retreats, the fire will become more and more blazing". After meditating for a long time, Sun Yat-sen stroked and sighed, "The way of heaven is vast. How can mortals know it? You can't care too much about idealistic things. Only cultivate people to respond to the way of heaven - to respond to people's hearts is to follow the way of heaven! This revolution is to respond to the hearts of people and become such a great trend. How can the Qing court have an immortal reason!"

In fact, when the Wuchang Uprising broke out, Sun Yat-sen was raising revolutionary funds in Colorado, northern United States, and there was no prediction of the Wuchang Uprising. ( The author's note: There is a boring historian who verified that Sun Yat-sen, who left the headquarters of the Tokyo League at that time, served plates in a Chinese restaurant, but now he doesn't know whether it's true or false. That morning, Sun Yat-sen was going to find a restaurant for breakfast. He passed through the corridor newsstand and bought a newspaper and brought it into the restaurant. He sat down and read, and a telegram suddenly wrote:

"Wuchang is occupied by the revolutionary party."

At the beginning, Sun Yat-sen couldn't believe his eyes. When he read it again twice, he grabbed the newspaper tightly. In an instant, he suddenly came to the garden with fresh air from the smoky dark room; and suddenly saw the warm sun in the days shrouded in dark clouds. He only felt that the heat flow spread from the brain to the chest and all over the body. The long-pressed feelings surged out, and even his hands trembled a little.

Sun Yat-sen hurriedly had breakfast and immediately returned to the hotel. An important question that needs him to answer immediately: should he return home immediately to directly command the battle, or carry out diplomatic activities in Europe and the United States first? Sun Yat-sen held the newspaper in his hand, his thoughts were full of confusion, and he walked up and there in the room, thinking hard. The motherland, the motherland that has been separated for many years, attracts him strongly like a nail touching a huge magnet. He wants to return to the motherland immediately and can personally command the battle with the ambition of a quick life. He stood in front of the window for a long time and denied the idea of returning to China immediately: "No, the establishment of a republic will encounter diplomatic and financial difficulties. At this moment, you should serve the revolution on the battlefield, but in diplomacy. Sun Yat-sen decided to stay abroad for the time being and visit the governments of the United States, Britain and France to win international support for the new regime.

Sun Yat-sen first won the support of the U.S. government for the Chinese revolution.

On his way to New York, Sun Yat-sen passed by St. Louis and saw the words in the newspaper that "the Wuchang Revolutionary Army was ordered by Sun Yixian to build a republic, and his first president should belong to Sun Yixian". From then on, he was on his way.

Be extra careful to avoid meeting all newspaper visitors. However, when he arrived in Chicago, he couldn't help but participate in the Pre-Meaning of the Founding of the Republic of China held by the Chicago League, and drew up a notice for the Pre-Blessing of the Founding of the Republic of China for the Chicago Branch of the Chinese League:

"Wuchang has been restored on the 19th of this month, and the righteous voice is broadcast. The Chinese people will celebrate with their hands, and the operation of the swage will come to an end. We would like to welcome the founding meeting of the Republic of China on the 24th, and look forward to the celebration of overseas Chinese from all walks of life. With strong prestige, we have high expectations!"

On October 20, Sun Yat-sen, accompanied by Zhu Zhuowen, a member of the League, took a bus to Washington and wrote to U.S. Secretary of State Knox to request a secret meeting, hoping to receive U.S. support and material assistance for the Chinese revolution, or to adhere to neutrality. Knox didn't meet him.

In New York, he gave a political speech to overseas Chinese, introduced the purpose of the Chinese revolution to the American ruling and opposition, and talked about the revolutionary strategy of the Chinese League (author's note: (autumn in autumn and winter of 1996) This document was formulated by Sun Yat-sen, Huang Xing, Zhang Taiyan and others in Japan. At that time, it did not include the Military Recruitment Regulations listed in the article. Two articles on the brave conditions for recruiting and surrendering the Qing Dynasty. Here is an updated version of Sun Yat-sen, Hu Hanmin and Wang Jingwei in Xingjiapo after the Hekou Uprising in 1990. The specific time of formulation is unknown, and now it is generally recorded.) I hope to win their sympathy.

External declaration in the strategy

The Chinese National Army was ordered to expel the alien authoritarian government and establish the Republic of China. At the same time, it is friendly to maintain peace in the world and improve the well-being of mankind. The actions of all national forces against the outside world are declared as follows: I. All treaties concluded by China and other countries will continue to be valid. II. The repayment of foreign debts shall be recognized as usual, and shall still be amortized by the provinces and foreign customs. III. The vested rights of all outsiders shall be protected as one. IV. Protect the people's property in the territory occupied by the foreign resident military government. V. The military government will not recognize all treaties between the Qing government and other countries, the rights of each country and the national debts borrowed by each country after this declaration. 6. Outsiders who help the Qing government to hinder the national army government will be hostile. 7. If outsiders receive goods from the Qing government that can be used for war, they will be seized and confiscated.

However, foreigners are not interested in the wink eye thrown by Mr. Sun.

So, Sun Yat-sen transferred to New York and secretly met with Nagataro Tsuruoka, the representative of Yukiyoshi Ono, the Consul General of Japan in New York, and expressed his willingness to visit Japan in an open capacity. After that, he was answered that if he was willing to change his name, he could log in or stay. The Japanese government actually rejected Sun Yat-sen's request for an open visit to Japan. Sun Yat-sen once again said: If the Japanese government can agree to land without changing his name and show sympathy for the Chinese revolution, he will change his original plan to return through Europe and the Indian Ocean and return through Japan, which can not only boost the morale of the revolutionary army, but also eliminate the outside world's belief that the Japanese government is secretly sheltering the Beijing government. Doubts are beneficial to both sides. The Japanese government did not respond to Sun Yat-sen's words.

Some newspapers in the United States have taken a hostile attitude towards Sun Yat-sen and the revolution he led. The New York Times published a series of editorials saying: "Sun Yat-sen's fundraising work will not be successful"; "Only Yuan Shikai is the only one who can give peace and order to China."

Sun Yat-sen did not lose confidence. His telegram from New York to his American friend Hammari in London said: "Li Yuanhong's declaration is difficult to explain. Sudden success may fuel his ambition, but he lacks general talent and can't last for a long time. The organization in various places is very good, and they all hope that I can lead it. With financial support, I can definitely control the situation. It is impossible to form a strong government until we arrive, so loans are necessary.

To this end, Mr. Sun planned to lead the Hubei Revolutionary Army to fight against the Qing Dynasty by Huang Xing, and Hu Hanmin and Zhu Zhixin's cameras to fight for Guangdong anyway, and called Zhang Mingqi, the governor of Guangdong and Guangxi, urging him to lead his troops to surrender. However, the sustenance of Mr. Sun's team Huang Xing went bankrupt due to the defeat of Huang Xing's Xiaogan.

Two days later, Sun Yat-sen arrived in London from New York.

On November 11, Sun Yat-sen arrived in London. In a conversation with a British reporter, he said, "If the Chinese call him to go to the organization, the central government will serve as the Prime Minister."

During his stay in London, he also discussed with the director of the four-nation banking group to stop lending to the Qing court through Chengmari's introduction.

The purpose of Sun Yat-sen's diplomatic activities in Britain is mainly to obtain the understanding and support of the British government for the Chinese revolution.

During this period, Daersheng, the owner of the British Maxim Machine Gun Factory, saw that Sun Yat-sen might be elected president in the future, hoping that he would order weapons and arms, and was willing to contact the British government from the middle generation of Sun Yat-sen. Sun Yat-sen asked the British government for three things: "I. Stop all borrowing from the Qing court; II. Stop Japan from assisting the Qing court; 3. Cancel the banishment orders of the British government in order to return to China.

He also proposed a memorandum signed by himself and Hammari to the British Foreign Office, saying that the Chinese revolutionaries wanted to form an alliance with Britain and the United States.

Darson met with British Foreign Minister Gray on behalf of Sun Yat-sen. All three things that Sun Yat-sen asked for were allowed by the British government. However, the British government also made it clear to Sun Yat-sen: "All foreigners and anti-Manchu groups may give Yuan Shikai the position of president - if he can expel the Qing Dynasty and support the republic." That is to say, the British government opposed both the Manchu Qing Dynasty and the ruling party, and only supported Yuan Shikai.

Sun Yat-sen clearly knows that the British government's attitude towards China will have an important impact on other countries. Therefore, he regards the success or failure of British diplomacy as "a person who can play a pivotal role in my success or failure". Now that the British Foreign Minister has publicly declared to him that he supports Yuan Shikai as president, he has to give up his seat as prime minister and support Yuan Shikai.

Sun Yat-sen also asked the four-nation banking group for a loan to the Chinese revolutionary government. The four-nation banking group also just said: "Since our government has agreed to Mr.'s request and stopped borrowing from the Qing court, since then, the banking group can only negotiate with the new government. In this way, it is necessary to wait for you to return to China and establish a formal government before you can start talking about loans. The group now plans to send a president to return home with his husband. After the formal government is established, it is okay to consult with him nearby.

What else can Sun Yat-sen say about this? He had to take a deep sigh.

In mid-November, Sun Yat-sen publicly announced his political opinions. He told the reporter of Binhai Magazine in London: "Whether I will become the nominal head of the whole of China, or cooperate with others or that Yuan Shikai, it doesn't matter to me. I have done my job, and the wave of enlightenment and progress has become unstoppable. China, because its people are hardworking and tame, is the most suitable country in the world to establish a republic. In a short period of time, it will rank among the world's civilized and freedom-loving countries.

Sun Yat-sen received the news that China established an interim government, Li Yuanhong was the marshal, and Huang Xing was the deputy marshal at his teacher Kang De Li's family, which sent a telegram to Shanghai's Minli Daily on November 16, saying: "I am gratified to hear that there is an organization of the Shanghai Parliament. The president should presume Li Jun. I heard that Li has a saying that it is appropriate and good. In a word, it is appropriate to assume, but we should consolidate the national foundation as soon as possible. In the Qing Dynasty, we will be tired of the struggle for power and wealth for a long time. Since then, the society should take industry and commerce as a competitive point to open up a new situation for New China. As for the regime, it is regarded as service. Wen Linxing knocked. Now it seems that Sun Yat-sen's political opinions are debatable, but these are indeed Sun Yat-sen's words at that time.

Sun Yat-sen went from London to Paris on November 21 and engaged in intense diplomatic activities in Paris. He met with Crémonsau, members of the French Senate, members of the Foreign Affairs Committee and the Military Committee. Accompanied by French "Century" reporters Albert Mebung and Albert Miyo, he went to the French House of Representatives to meet with parliamentarians Alfred Marseille, Lucien Jüber and others to ask them whether France is willing to recognize the Republic of China. Sun Yat-sen also met with reporters from the Paris Weekly, Paris Daily and other newspapers. As the leader of the Chinese revolution, he delivered a speech on the task of founding the country and foreign relations, and won the sympathy and support of foreign countries.

Sun Yat-sen carried out fund-raising or loan activities in both the United Kingdom and France, but both failed.

Sun Yat-sen met with some alliance members of the French alliance Hu Bingke, Zhang Yishu and others in Paris. He asked Hu Bingke to visit the French Ministry of Foreign Affairs on his behalf. On the day when Sun Yat-sen left Paris and returned to China via Marseille, Hu Binghe visited the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and asked about his attitude towards the Chinese revolution. Sun Yat-sen later appointed Zhang Yishu as the plenipotentiary representative of the Provisional Government of the Republic of China in France. By this time, Hu Bingke had returned to China. Just as Sun Yat-sen was carrying out a series of diplomatic activities abroad, the domestic revolutionary situation has developed by leaps and bounds, and a complex situation has also emerged. On the one hand, with the declaration of independence and more and more areas responding to the uprising, the governors of Guangfu provinces are preparing to hold a representative meeting to discuss the organization of the provisional government of the Republic of China. In the process of brewing, there was a struggle for power and profit. On the other hand, the Qing government formed a new cabinet to make a tentative of peace talks while using troops to the south. The south The constitutionalists and old bureaucrats tried their best to take power from within the revolution and secretly colluded with the new cabinet of the Qing government.

At this important juncture of historical change, after receiving the domestic telegrams repeatedly urging him to return quickly, Sun Yat-sen hurriedly left Paris, France, to take a boat from the port of Marseille. He had to return to China without a penny.

Sun Yat-sen arrived in Hong Kong on December 21, 1911 by boat from Marseille through Penang Island, Singapore and other places. Hu Hanmin, Liao Zhongkai and other warships came to Hong Kong to welcome...

A burst of noise suddenly interrupted Sun Yat-sen's infinite reverie about the great moon.

Hu Hanmin, Liao Zhongkai, as well as Wu Jingheng, Ma Junwu, Zhang Ji, Miyazaki Taotian, Chi Hengji, Cheng Mali and other people quarreled and all rushed into this garden. In this way, they had a heated discussion on the domestic situation, the policies to be taken and other issues. The quarrels were extremely excited, and their faces were red.

Sun Yat-sen smiled and listened to their arguments with interest.

Hu Hanmin had his own set of views on the revolutionary situation at that time. He was in a regional concept and the current situation. He advocated that Mr. Sun Yat-sen should not go north and stay in Guangdong to preside over everything. His reason is: "In the current revolutionary situation, the Qing government has exhausted its hearts and relies on only tens of thousands of Yuan Shikai's troops; Yuan Shikai is erratic, holding both ends, which is not credible. In addition, he also has the strength of the four towns of the Beiyang system. The strength of these four towns is undoubtedly the most powerful force at present. If this force is not eliminated, the revolution will have no power to consolidate the regime. In this way, it is even less able to destroy and build. As soon as you arrive in Shanghai and Ning, you will be promoted. The shogunate should be in Nanjing and will be promoted as the president, but there are no soldiers available, and the order is difficult to do. It must be controlled by Yuan. He will do nothing to the revolutionary cause. How can he directly beat Huanglong? And with the election, the order has not yet been easily implemented, and the head of state is also false. It's better to stay in Guangdong to sort out the armies in Guangdong, and soon you will get tens of thousands of elite soldiers, and then go on a northern expedition to win. It is estimated that there are several towns in Beiyang, so Yuan's power can reach Wuhan and even Hunan at most. For the Beiyang Army, Guangdong can build an anti-Yuan revolutionary force because of its long distance. What's more, Li Madman's propaganda in the People's Daily, even if it is only three points true, is a big trouble for Yuan Shikai... As long as Yuan Shikai can't destroy the southeast in two or three months. At this time, we have a way to eliminate the strong enemy with strength, so as to truly form a situation of north-south unification. Compared with going to Shanghai and Ning, the opposite is true. If you have a false reputation, you will definitely regret it in the future. Recently, Fujian, Guangxi and Guizhou have expressed the opinion that Ning and Hubei are on the front line, and there is a discussion about the temporary promotion of Dong as the capital. We are modest. Sir is back, and he can control the situation."

Hu Hanmin's opinion is actually Sun Yat-sen's "corner revolution" line in the early years, but today Mr. Sun Yat-sen is more insightful.

Mr. Sun shook his head and said loudly, "Now

The big trouble is that there is no government. If a government can be created, the Qing Dynasty government will inevitably be overthrown; even Yuan Shikai may not be able to

Enough support. In terms of the situation, Shanghai and Ningxia are ahead, and the comrades of the four directions are leading the hope. What do we call Guangzhou? If we can't climb high and enter the tiger's den, and retreat from Guangdong and China to prepare for war, it will be easy to take refuge. Then what do the people look up to as revolutionaries? I am in the hearts of the people, and the enemy is in the army. As it is said, why don't you make good use of my strengths, but use my weaknesses? Hubei is a little ambiguous, and it is better to have internal disputes and make enemies. The so-called Zhao Ju and Qin Qiang are the situation is lost. Then I raise my troops to try to recover. How can I get it? Zhu Ming is not in the situation, and he is sitting in the southeast, and Guangdong and Guangxi can't support it. How can he make this mistake? The revolutionary army suddenly rose up, and there was a tendency to go to you. The great powers were in a hurry and had nothing to do, so they had to keep their usual practice of external neutrality and not interfere. However, if our situation is set back, the matter will not be deep. Gordon and Bai Qiwen are in the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom. There are many such means. Don't you care? It is true that Yuan Shikai is not credible, but I took advantage of it to overthrow Manchuria, which had been aristocratic dictatorship for more than 260 years, and used 100,000 troops. Even if it wants to follow Manchuria as evil, its foundation is far worse, and it is easy to overturn it. Therefore, today can be a perfect paragraph. If I don't go to Shanghai and Ningxia, I will host all this domestic and external plans, which will never be the responsibility of others. Han Minyi can do it from me.

At first, Sun Yat-sen was also disapproving of the success of the Wuchang Uprising - the Yangtze River Basin never entered his eyes. Because he admired Hong Xiuquan very much earlier, and took the road of "corner revolution" - that is, starting from Guangdong and Guangxi. He wanted to take the opportunity of the weak power of the local Qing court to open a piece of "rich and prosperous" Guangdong first, then "brave and tough" Hunan, and then Jiangxi and Hubei, taking the road of "Taiping Heavenly Kingdom".

Now, Sun Yat-sen made a one-eight-moderate turn. Looking at Huang Xing and Song Jiaoren's feat that could not be completed by the "Ten Revolutions" in one fell swoop, and Huang Xing had also telegraphed him many times to invite him to go to Shanghai, he was already anxious.

Sun Yat-sen is full of confidence in the central government. He said: "Now the scholars and leaders of the governments of the governments are looking forward to their return as soon as possible. In the organization, the central government has a clue about this matter, finance and diplomacy. In addition, the problem is also solved. Today's policy is nothing more than that.

Hu Hanmin and Liao Zhongkai were moved by Mr. Sun Yat-sen's great ambition and open mind. Hu Hanmin gave up his ideas and appointed Chen Jiongming as the acting governor of Guangdong. He asked Liao Zhongkai to return to Guangdong to arrange everything, and was willing to follow Sun Yat-sen to Shanghai. At this time, Wu Jingheng, Ma Junwu, Zhang Ji, as well as the Eastern and Westerners of Miyazaki Taotian, Chi Hengji and Cheng Mali who were willing to follow Mr. Sun to Shanghai.

( Scenery: roll on the street for red tickets, collect...)