235 Hanshang First Gong Shang

In the year of 1911, October 27. The dawn is slightly dewy.

Outside the Beidazhi Gate in Hankou City, it is crowded with people.

As soon as the Beiyang Army left, Marshal Li's revolutionary army had already triumphantly stationed outside the city. In the name of the Hankou Military Committee, Marshal Li gave a note to the consul of the eleven countries in Hankou, invited celebrities from all walks of life in business and commerce to show off their victory in the appearance of Dazhimen, and the people were also allowed to watch along the way. Li wants to offer victory to the people of Wuhan. After the victory, it was a carnival in the whole city.

Think about it, what kind of excitement is this? The success of the revolution, the expulsion of the Beiyang Army in Hubei, and finally free from suffering are all major events worthy of warm celebration.

Most of the people in the three towns of Wuhan help the old and the young. In the past few days, they go to the Dajun garrison outside Dazhimen to watch the bustle. All the people in Wuhan who participate in this grand ceremony are very busy. For a while, the three towns in Wuhan have fallen into a frenzied restlessness, and many people have heard about the legendary story of Marshal Li. At that time, you must see what kind of person Marshal Li is. Is it two feet tall, ten wide waist, and dyed purple with human blood on his official robe?

The sky gradually became brighter, and the barracks was noisy and gradually stopped. In the barracks where the revolutionary army was located, it resumed its normal rectification.

Li wanted to ride one by one, only with the housekeeper's little sister Meidi, and Xiao Ran went out of the camp. In the morning, I came to a prosperous place where I could see Hankou. The two stood side by side and were speechless for a long time. Finally, I returned to Hankou...

Personnel changes, the world changes from time to time. Huang Xing returned to Shanghai with the hat of a frequently defeated general. Li Yuanhong became his puppet governor again, and he was no longer the object of being bullied at will!

In the morning, the Ejiang tide that scattered the three towns in Wuhan rolled and rolled, seemingly endlessly into the distance. This is the greatest river of this era. Wuchang next to her is the first place of revolution. When it was dark at night in other parts of the country, it was here that the spark of the revolution was ignited and half of the Qing Dynasty was burned.

The Yangtze River, which once gave birth to a civilization that attracted the attention of the world, has become so eclipsed in modern times. In this land where the honor of the Chinese people is infected, foreigners can insult and domineering at will. The concession is the mark of shame that the Chinese nation can never be erased...

Li Xiangjiu stared at this place with the honor and shame of the Chinese nation, and his heart fluctuated. In the long river of time, I turned back for a hundred years, experienced so many twists and turns and blood battles, born and died, as if I had spent my whole life before I came here. It is also an honor for anyone who has a Chinese plot to show off in front of foreigners.

When he came to Hankou, Li Xiang actually had an illusory feeling.

One hundred years is too long!

Even if it is yourself, it has changed a long time ago. There are not many similarities with Li Xiang, the urban manager. The ignorance of primary school, the first knowledge of junior high school, the youth of high school, the nonsense of college, and the struggle of society seem to be a somewhat faded dream.

The housekeeper's little sister whispered behind Li Xiang, "Marshal, what are you thinking about so far? Are you worried about the next victory?"

Li Xiang didn't turn back, just shook his head and gave an unexpected answer to Meadow: "I miss Miss Tang."

Meidi was stunned. Li Xiang had never talked about his relationship with men and women, but when he mentioned it at this time, she immediately found that she raised her ears like gossip and listened carefully, but Li Xiang closed his mouth.

Li wanted to look back at Medy. Chenxi reflected on his face, and his eyebrows were more and more straight. After the quenching of blood and fire, the soft outline of southerners on his face seemed to be carved with a knife. The housekeeper's little sister's face leaped with red clouds.

"Kue the revolution to the end... The blood of the soldiers has stained the Ejiang River. Tens of thousands of people have died because of me. I'm afraid that more people will die in the future. I just want to get to the end... I have a clear conscience."

I don't know why, but Merdy felt that he couldn't say a word. There is something that is too far away and too grand, as if a hundred years is on Li Xiang's shoulder at this moment.

In the end, Medy said with a flat mouth, muttering in a low voice, which was almost inaudible. Your words are like an old man!"

After Hankou was listed as an open port by foreigners, the city has hundreds of thousands of people, nearly one million. In this era, it is already a very large-scale city. In this war, people who have fled from all over the world have flooded into Hankou, and this number has already exceeded one million. This number, in this era, is the population figure of an extremely prosperous city anywhere in the world.

Hankou has developed so prosperously that it is actually almost deformed.

Hankou has opened a port for trade since the Raven Pian War. Here, there are Gothic, Rococo, Baroco and other European-style buildings, with five concessions of Britain, Russia, France, Germany and Japan. The number of Hankou concessions is second only to Tianjin, ranking second in the country, and the area is second only to Shanghai and Tianjin, ranking third in the country. Its influence ranks first among foreign concessions in the mainland. According to unequal treaties, foreign powers implement another system independent of China and the government's administrative system and legal system in the concession, and become a country in China.

With various political privileges and economic and technical advantages, Western powers have come to Wuhan to open foreign banks and set up factories. It not only dumps foreign goods, but also uses cheap labor and raw materials from the mainland to process agricultural and sideline products for transportation and marketing abroad. At the same time, it directly produces goods to occupy the Chinese market. In the concession area along the Yangtze River, merchants from eight countries have established banks to set up foreign exchange, credit, savings deposits, buying and selling currency, issuing banknotes and other businesses. 80% of these foreign banks were established in the late Qing Dynasty, and a few were built in the early period of the Republic of China, reaching 18 in 1920. The first bank to be opened in Han was the British McCary Bank. In 1863, it took the lead in setting up branches in the British Concession, and then opened five banks in the United Kingdom, including Huilong, HSBC, Liru and Lisheng Bank. There are three companies in the United States, such as Citigroup, Youhua and Bank of World Bank of China, Zhengjin, Sumitomo and Hankou Bank in Japan, as well as Desheng, Tsinghua, Huabi, Yipin, and Dongfang Huili Bank in Germany, Russia, Belgium, Italy, France and other countries. Among the many foreign banks, HSBC has a long history, the most active business, the greatest power, and the most prominent role.

With the opening of more and more foreign banks, Hankou has become the center of imperialist economic aggression. They have enabled foreign banks to obtain the convenience of financing and operate businesses that are many times more than their own working capital. In 1902, the total value of import and export goods in Hankou was 100.321 million taels of silver, and in 1910 it increased to 152.199 million taels of silver. The foreign exchange market in Hankou was completely manipulated by foreign banks. Hankou customs duties are also controlled by HSBC, which uses HSBC as the customs treasury.

During this period, Hankou, whether it was direct or indirect trade, had exceeded 100 million in 1904. As a result, some people claimed: "Hankou business was in the 31st year of Guangxu (1905, 1906), and its prosperity was still higher than that of Beijing and Shanghai." Note: People's Daily, March 4, 1911.) The development of Wuhan's foreign trade is also closely related to the large-scale entry of foreign businessmen during this period. According to statistics, the number of foreign banks in Han in 1892 was 45, with 374. In 1901, the number of foreign banks was 76, with 990. In 1905, the number of foreign banks reached 114, reaching 2,151. In addition to foreign trade, there are also many foreign businesses. In 1905, there were a maximum of 250 foreign companies and foreign companies in Hankou, including 74 Japanese merchants, 57 British merchants, 54 German merchants, 22 American merchants, 20 French merchants, 8 Russian merchants, 5 Dan merchants, 3 Japanese and 2 Swiss merchants, and 1 Portuguese and Filipino merchants.

The modern national industry in Hankou also developed rapidly in Zhangzhidong at the end of the Qing Dynasty. The economic function of the city is from commercial excellence to industry and commerce. Zhang Zhidong has successively established Hanyang Iron Factory (1890), Hubei Gun and Gun Factory (1890), Daye Iron Mine (1890), Hubei Weaving Layout (1890), Hanyang Iron Factory Machine Factory (1892), Hanyang Iron Factory Steel Rail Factory (1893), Hubei Wire Bureau (1894), Hubei Spinning Bureau (1 894, Hubei Hemp Bureau (1898) and other modern enterprises account for 24% of the newly built official and official-business joint enterprises in the country during the same period, which is the highest in the country (Note: Luo Fuhui: General History of Hubei · Late Qing Volume, Huazhong Normal University Press, 1999 edition, pp. 227-230). Zhang Zhidong's initiative of industry has promoted the development of private enterprises. In 1897, the Hankou Xiechang Match Factory, established by the national capitalist Song Weichen, has an annual output of 100 million boxes of matches and is the largest match factory in the country. According to statistics, by 1911, there were 28 large-scale government-run and private enterprises in Wuhan, with a capital of 17.24 million yuan, ranking second among major cities in China.

At the same time, Zhang Zhidong changed the Academy, Xingxue Hall and advocated study tours, so that the three towns in Wuhan, including Hankou, have formed a relatively complete modern education system. The traditional college teaching focuses on the study of Confucian classics. Zhang Zhidong is committed to the restructuring of the college. He has successively made great adjustments to the courses of Jianghan Academy, Jingxin Academy and Lianghu Academy. Each has its own focus on the purpose of "making real materials and helping the time". In terms of the establishment of the new school, it founded the arithmetic school (1891), the mining school (1892), the self-improvement school (1893), the Hubei Wubei school (1897), the Hubei agricultural school (1898), the Hubei craft school (1898), the Hubei normal school (1902), two Hu General Normal School (1904), Women's Normal School (1906) and so on, covering general education, military education, industrial education, normal education and other levels. In terms of study tours, Hubei is one of the provinces with the largest number of international students in the late Qing Dynasty. By 1905, there were more than 1,700 students studying in Japan alone, ranking first in the country. During the period of Zhang Zhidong's governor, Wuhan, Hubei Province, has become the center of new education and the attention of the Chinese people. As Duan Fang said in the 30th year of Guangxu (1904): "Recently, Chinese and foreign educators have often been to see the school in Hubei, and half of them are probably complete. Compared with other provinces, there is no more than this. ( Note: Guangxu Chao Donghua Record (V), page 5165.) In this way, it is not a fluke that Wuchang can become the first place!

Before the opening of Hankou, there was no financial institution in the modern sense. In 1861, the British Huilong Bank set up a branch in Hankou and opened a foreign bank to open a branch in Hankou. Since then, before Zhang Zhidong, the Bank of McCary (1863), the Bank of HSBC (1866), the Bank of France (1866), the Bank of France (1876), the Bank of Liru (1877) and the Bank of Agassiz (1880) in Hankou. Branch. During the period of Zhang Zhidong's governor, with the development of Hankou's industry, commerce and foreign trade, in addition to the traditional Bank of England, Germany's Dehua Bank, France's Oriental Huili Bank, Russia's Daosheng Bank, Japan's Zhengjin Bank, etc. also came to Han to set up branches. At the same time, China Merchants Bank (1897), Bank of China (1905), Daqing Bank (1906) and Zhejiang Industrial Bank (1906) also opened in Hankou. These modern financial institutions, together with traditional private financial institutions such as Qianzhuang, ticket numbers and Qianpu, have built a financial building in Wuhan, which has become an important support for the development of industry and commerce in Wuhan (Note: According to existing research, at the beginning of the 20th century, Wuhan's financial industry entered a prosperous period. By 1925, Wuhan's domestic banks It developed into 32, forming a three-legged trend with 140 banks and 15 foreign banks at that time. See Financial Markets in Modern China, edited by the Financial History Research Office of the Financial Research Institute of the Head Office of the People's Bank of China, China Financial Publishing House, 1989 edition, p. 102.

In 1863, the "surprise" of the American Qichang Shipping Company entered Hankou Port and opened the Shanghai-Han route (Note: Luo Fuhui: "Hubei Tongshi · Late Qing Volume", Huazhong Normal University Press, 1999 edition, page 136.), British, French, German, Japanese and other countries also take Hankou as the center. Open the Yangtze River route and operate round-line transportation. In 1905, Japan's Osaka Merchant Shipping Company opened a direct route from Hankou to Kobe and Osaka, making Hankou Port an international port. By the end of the Qing Dynasty, ships sailing from Hankou to foreign countries could go directly to Hamburg and Bremen in Germany, Rotterdam in the Netherlands, Port Said in Egypt, Marseille in France, Antwerp in Belgium, Genoa in Italy, etc. In 1875, the China Merchants Bureau set up a shipping company in Hankou, which marked the foothold of the national ship transportation industry in Hankou.

Looking back on the glorious history of the three towns in Wuhan, even so, the three towns in Wuhan have never really touched Li Xiang's heart after a hundred years. Li wants to swallow thousands of miles like a tiger. What he wants is the whole China. Today, he suddenly felt that the three towns of Wuhan had become a bright jewelry place in his hand...

He once said emotionally to the housekeeper's little sister, "I really realized the value of Wuhan today. It is located at the intersection of the Yangtze River and Hanshui, and the Pinghan and Guangdong-Han railways must pass through here. It can be said that the land and water traffic in the central region is difficult, and the 'nine provinces' lives up to its reputation. To the east, direct access to Jiangsu, Anhui and Zhejiang is the bridgehead of our future national revolution. To the north, it is next to the Central Plains, which is the forefront of our comprehensive counterattack. It can be said that controlling Wuhan is enough to control the east and west and shock the north and south!"

At this moment, this nine-provincial pass is in front of the triumphant army that has experienced countless bloody battles, and in front of Li Xiang, who has traveled through a hundred years, waiting for him to step in! Entering Hankou for the second time, his revolutionary career officially began!

(This chapter has a lot of Baidu information, which doesn't count, so there is another update)