28 Borrowing

In Baohua'an, the president's office in the west living room of the presidential palace, Sun Yat-sen and Huang Xing met with Dog Yangyi and Tou Shanman who came across the sea from Japan.

Tou Shan Man looked at the tea brewed directly with boiling water, floating and sinking in the blue and white porcelain cup as delicate as a woman's skin. A wisp of grass and trees with the aura of mountains and rivers floated away with the rising steam. The tea fragrance was all over the house. He took a greedy breath and said with a smile, "Japanese tea ceremony also preserves the ancient charm of the Han and Tang Dynasties, Chinese tea Tao has become more and more practical after thousands of years of evolution. Isn't this called returning to the original?

When Tou Shanman was naring with his old friends Sun Yat-sen and Huang Xing, the silent dog on the other side remembered that before leaving Japan to go to China, in order to listen to the Japanese government's foreign policy towards China, he visited the Prime Minister of Xiyuan Temple and asked, "Does the government absolutely not allow China to practice republicanism?" Xiyuan Temple smiled and denied, "There is no such thing. What kind of political system adopted by neighboring countries has nothing to do with Japan." However, Foreign Minister Yasuya Uchida said to Inuka, "China's implementation of republican politics is not good for Japan, so we oppose it. If necessary, Japan will maintain China's monarchy by force. Please convey this policy to the leader of the Southern Revolutionary Party.

Speaking of Sun Yat-sen's inauguration, he has always had two ideas in mind to strike a balance between the two factions of peace and war. If Yuan Shikai accepts the conditions he puts forward and the peace is successful, of course it will be good; if Yuan Shikai does not give in to his ultimatum and break between the north and the south, there is only one war. Fortunately, he won the battle and overthrew the Manchu Qing Dynasty by force. His previous promises to Yuan Shikai will be invalid, and he will become the official president of the Republic of China. In addition to the role of idealists, Sun Yat-sen's ambivalence is also related to the policy of the Japanese government and the influence of Japanese advisers on him.

At the time of the Wuchang Uprising, the Japanese government was in the period of the second Xiyuan Temple cabinet. The Army Department of the Qing government, through the Japanese military attache to Beijing, asked Japan to supply weapons and ammunition to fight against the revolutionary army. After consultation, Prime Minister Saiyuanji, Prime Minister Yasuya Uchida and Prime Minister Ishimoto decided to agree to the request of the Qing government. On October 16, Prime Minister Uchida ordered the minister to China, Ijiin Yanji, to let the "businessmen of the country" supply guns and ammunition. Because the Consul General of Britain, the United States, France, Russia and Japan in Wuhan have met with the Hubei military government and recognized that the military government is an independent group and will never interfere in the war between the north and the south. If this matter is learned by the civil military government, Japan will suffer major diplomatic disadvantages due to the violation of neutrality. However, Foreign Minister Uchida still ordered the minister of Yijiyuan to convey it to the regent: "The reason why the imperial government dares to take this huge risk for this move is actually out of consideration of the special kindness of the Qing government and the need to maintain the overall situation of East Asia." After consultation between the Prime Minister, the Foreign Minister and the Mainland Prime Minister, it was decided to sell weapons to the Qing government through a joint venture between the Taiping Chamber of Commerce, Mitsui, Okura and Takata, but the General Staff Headquarters prepared to send weapons to the civilian army despite the opposition of the three prime ministers. The former prime minister secretly ordered the police and security director to acquiesce: "According to today's situation, it is impossible to determine the situation of traitors and officers and soldiers at all, so standing only on the side of diplomatic theory is inevitably unfavorable to our country."

Ryohei Uchida is a Japanese adventurer. In 1901, the far-left Black Dragon Society was founded and involved in the Eastern School Party Rebellion in 1894, which directly led to the First Sino-Japanese War. He has always advocated war against Russia. He supported Sun Yixian's 1911 revolution, during which he tried his best to create conflicts between the Chinese people so that the Chinese people were more dependent on the leadership of Japan and the Japanese. After hearing the news of the Wuchang Uprising, he heard from Kamesaburo at the foot of the aviation industry on his way to Seoul, North Korea in late October that the Taiping Chamber of Commerce was transporting a large number of weapons to the Beijing government. He immediately telegraphed Yitian Xiao and said, "The revolution is about to succeed, and it's okay for Mitsui to help the Qing Dynasty, but don't forget to help the Revolutionary Party. " After consultation with Inoue, Takashi Masuda went with Katsura to visit the Prime Minister of Xiyuan Temple. Uchida also sent a telegram to Inzo Miyazaki in Shanghai, asking Sun Yat-sen, Huang Xing and others to telegraph to Xiyuan Temple, Inoue, Katsura Taro and others for help.

This is why Huang Xing called Inoue, a Japanese political veteran, to ask Japan for assistance.

Thinking of this, Dog Yangyi conveyed the attitude of Prime Minister Xiyuan Temple and Uchida to the Chinese revolution to Sun and Huang.

In order to cooperate with Tou Shan Man and others who came to China, Dog Yangyi has been encouraging the Japanese financial community to borrow money from Sun Yat-sen and buy arms. Therefore, he said to Sun Yat-sen, "If you hear that Yuan has the intention to compromise, and you are also very eager to do so. If you don't have a soldier, but can become a republican government, the blessing of your country is no greater than this. Yuan is full of fraud, and his mind is unpredictable. If he falls into his trap, the big thing will go away!"

On the surface, Japanese ronin such as Dog Yangyi are chivalrous and righteous. They came to China to aid Sun and Huang's revolution, but they are working for the foreign policy of the Japanese government. Japan has long been ambitious for the Northeast, staring at it and waiting for the opportunity. After the Wuchang Uprising, Japan supported the Qing court to send troops south to suppress the people's army. After Yuan Shikai came out of the mountain, he was eager to make a truce, and Japan destroyed it on the grounds of maintaining the monarchy. After the establishment of the Nanjing Provisional Government, the North-South peace was a foregone conclusion. Japan immediately said that it secretly supported Sun and Huang and broke with Yuan. His purpose was nothing more than to trap China to fall. Entering the civil war, permanently divided, helping Yuan with one hand, helping Sun with the other, and taking advantage of the chaos to seize the northeast. Now that Sun and Yuan want to compromise, and the peace agreement will come to an end. China is bound to unify, and Japan will lose the opportunity to spy on the northeast. China's unification is the last thing Japan wants to see. Therefore, in order to prevent peace talks, Dog Yang and Toushan said that "compromise is not good for the revolutionary party" and persuaded Sun and Huang not to compromise with Yuan. Han Yeping's borrowing began secretly against this background.

Japan's iron industry has been in a cooperative relationship with Han Yeping Company for more than ten years. In 1889, Zhang Zhidong, Governor of Huguang, opened the Hanyang Iron Factory, which is the first modernized iron factory in China. It smelted the iron ore of Daye, Hubei Province. However, due to poor management, it was taken over by Sheng Xuanhuai in 1896 and became a government-supervised enterprise. In the same year, the Hachiman Iron Works opened in Japan also planned to use Daye iron ore as raw material. Therefore, when Ito Hirofumi visited Beijing to meet the Empress Dowager in 1889, he pleaded China to sell iron ore to Japan and agreed to supply the coke that was lacking in the Hanyang Iron Factory at that time. Soon after, Hachiman Iron and Steel Institute negotiated with Zhang Zhidong and Sheng Xuanhuai, and signed an agreement in April 1899. For five years from 1900, Japan purchased 50,000 tons of iron ore per year to supply the same amount of coke to China at the cost. In 1902, Industrial Bank of Japan competed with German banks to lend 3 million yen to China on the condition that it would repay the proceeds from the sale of iron ore for the next 30 years. In the spring of 1903, Sheng Xuanhuai and the Consul General of Shanghai, Oda Kiri Manshou Nosuke, began to negotiate a loan from Daye. In January of the following year, an agreement was signed that China would not lease and cede the Daye iron ore to other countries, not to sell the ore to a third country, and that Hachiman Railway would not buy ore other than Daye. In 1906, after the Russo-Japanese War, Mitsui Property obtained the underwriting rights of the raw iron of Hanyang Iron Factory with a loan of 4 million yen, and the Okura Group obtained the coal underwriting rights of Pingxiang Coal Mine in Jiangxi Province with a loan of 2 million yen. However, due to the addition of equipment, excessive borrowing and poor management, Hanyang Iron Works merged with Pingxiang Coal Mine and Daye Iron Mine in 1908 to establish Hanye Ping Coal and Iron Mine**, which was supervised by Sheng Xuanhuai and signed a contract to borrow 3 million yen from Zhengjin Bank. Through Sheng Xuanhuai's efforts, in 1910, Han Yeping Company allowed foreign capitalists to invest no more than half of the total capital and signed a joint venture contract with foreign countries. The Japanese commercial representative was Mitsui's Takamoto Lulang, and representatives from Britain, the United States and Germany also attended. In 1911, Japan used Han Yeping Company as collateral to lend it 24 million yen, of which 18 million yen was the construction fund of Han Yeping New Iron Factory and 6 million yen for the company to repay the debts owed to European and American countries. For more than a decade, Japan has supported its own power in Hanyeping Company, making it the largest modern steel conglomerate in China, and of great significance to Japan's steelmaking industry, that is, Hachiman Steel Institute. After listening to the report of Xize Gongxiong, an engineer of Hanyang Iron Factory, on October 1, 1911, the Minister Yuan Jing wrote in his diary: "Anyway, you might as well regard Daye as my sphere of influence." This happened ten days before the Wuchang Uprising.

However, even if Han Yeping Company is at stake with Japan's steel industry, the Japanese government and the financial sector will never borrow money to the government of the Republic of China before China promises to give huge benefits.

In fact, as early as December 12, 1911, Chen Qimei and Song Jiaoren entrusted Ryohei Uchida, the director of the Japanese Black Dragon Association, to borrow money from Mitsui Property in the name of "representative of the Shanghai Military Governor".

Since Sun Yat-sen's approval of Miyazaki Torazo and Yamada Junsaburo made a request for a loan from Mitsui Co., Ltd., Masajiro Fujise, the head of the Shanghai branch, promised to lend a loan of 5 million yen on the condition of Han Yeping, a Sino-Japanese joint venture. This is many times better than the ugly Li Xiang. Sun Yat-sen immediately accepted this condition.

At the invitation of Sun Yat-sen, Miyazaki Inzo introduced Masajiro Fujise, the head of the Shanghai branch of Mitsui Property Co., Ltd., to negotiate the loan. Fujise said that he would send a telegram to the company within a week, while Taro Yamamoto, the managing director of Mitsui Co., Ltd., decided to borrow money from Nanjing. On New Year's Day, he went with Yujiro Nakamura, the director of Hachiman Steel Institute, to visit Prime Minister Uchida and Prime Minister Saienji.

At this time, He Tianjiong, the representative of borrowing to Japan appointed by the provisional government, and Sheng Xuanhuai, who was exiled to Japan after his dismissal, got in touch. Sun Yat-sen instructed He Tianjiong to raise money from Sheng Xuanhuai. He Xiangsheng proposed to borrow 5 million yen from the Bank of Japan as collateral for the assets of Han Yeping Company and transfer it to the government of the Republic of China.

Sheng Xuanhuai sent a letter to Sun Yat-sen, telling him about borrowing money from Zhengjin Bank of Japan. The bank proposed that "there must be a suitable collateral to do business". When he proposed to borrow 5 million yen with the industrial mortgage of Han Yeping Company, Zhengjin Bank was in China, Han Yeping Company could not deliver the goods as scheduled, and whether it can start work at present. Hold and other reasons to refuse.

He Tianjiong received a telegram from Sun Yat-sen "Want for Han Yeping to raise funds" to Sheng Xuanhuai. Sheng said, "It is incumbent on this, but at present, no one is willing to borrow it with industry plus a deposit, or as the call said, Hua-Japan co-organized, or it may be raised; or the new government will accept the company's industrial shares and arrears, that is, the government and Japan will jointly do it. As long as the shareholders have the stock payment and arrears, they will agree. Otherwise, it can be co-organized by the company and the Japanese business.

Chen Mengming, Vice Minister of Commerce of Daye Iron Mine, went to Nanjing by the order of Sheng Xuanhuai. He met with Sun Yat-sen accompanied by Foreign Minister Wang Chonghui. Sun Yat-sen said to Chen Mengming: "The Republic of China and Sheng have no bad feelings. If you are willing to raise money, you will make contributions. The outside public opinion is too extreme, which can be explained as an explanation. Only the proposed joint operation between China and Japan may have some disadvantages. The government admits that it is not an appropriate way. If the company borrows a huge amount of money from itself, it is guaranteed by the government. First, it will pay off the arrears, leave one or two million yuan for the restart fee, and then borrow millions more to the Republic of China. The original loan repayment period, interest, etc. are officially recognized by the Republic of China. The contract is signed with the company, and the interest is paid back to the company on a time basis. There is no loss to the company, and it is maintained by the Republic of China, which is beneficial to both. Sheng Xuanhuai's reply: "No one is willing to borrow it, because outsiders are afraid of the government's interference. Today, the government allows to borrow and guarantees. There must be someone willing to borrow. If the British and Americans want to borrow, they only need the company to come forward!" Chen Mengming asked Sun Yat-sen to return all the industries of Han Yeping Company and Sheng Xuanhuai's private property. Sun Yat-sen said, "If the movable property has been used, it may be difficult to recover it; the real estate can be admitted and returned. If you return to China, you can be protected. How about it?" Sheng Xuanhuai's intention was not in line with the original Sino-Japanese joint operation, and Han Yeping owed a lot of money, saying that it was difficult to do the loan.

He Tianjiong sent a letter to Han Yeping Company: "If you receive a call from the Nanjing government, you must change the company to a Sino-Japanese joint office. Because of the huge amount of money to receive military expenses, I would like to ask your company to go to Rizhao immediately. The new government can protect all future affairs. Don't hesitate." Huang Xing sent a telegram to Sheng Xuanhuai that the Nanjing Provisional Government authorized Mitsui Yanghang to directly negotiate a loan with Sheng: "Previously, He Tianjiong conveyed his respect and promised to help the Republic of China. Han Yeping Company borrowed five million yuan of daily money, which was borrowed by the government of the Republic of China. There is no admiration for acting bravely for justice. I would like to ask Hiroyuki Mitsui to contact the respected office, negotiate a treaty, and sign and hand over the bank on the same day. Public and private benefits are what I look forward to and reply. Huang Xing, Chief of the Army Department, kowtoed. Japan's Zhengjin Bank once again rejected Sheng Xuanhuai's loan request. Oda cut Wanshou's help to restore Sheng Xuanhuai's letter and insisted on taking the Sino-Japanese joint operation as the loan condition: "We have no goods in accordance with your company's articles of association, and it is difficult to make re-integrate in accordance with our articles of association. However, I heard that Mitsui once said that it was co-organized by China and Japan. My brother thought about it again and again, and there was nothing else he could do.

Sheng Xuanhuai called Huang Xing for this: "Nanjing Army Chief Huang Jian: I have a call. Xiaotian, a Japanese businessman, said that he was unwilling to borrow and asked for a joint office. He Juntianjiong wrote that the Huari co-organized government has given permission, and there is no word 'co-organized' in your electricity. Although the joint operation is approved by the old mining law firm, it must be approved by the government before it dares to comply. What is the idea of the people's government? The Japanese representative is waiting here, please seize the power as soon as possible. Please send the call to Chen Mengming.

After several encounters, Sheng Xuanhuai, who has a wealth of diplomatic experience, saw the problem: He Tianjiong wrote a letter saying that the Nanjing government agreed to co-organize Han Yeping, but Huang Xing's two telegrams did not have the word "jointly". He and Huang's letters and telegrams are different. Is it He Tianjiong's misunderstanding, or is Sun and Huang eager to borrow money, conspire with Sanjing, and give three more Jing had full authority to force him to accept the conditions of co-organization. The telegram given to him by Huang Xing did not have the word "join-organization". Obviously, he did not want to leave a handle. Once it was leaked in the future, it would arouse public condemnation, so as to put the blame on him.

Sheng Xuanhuaishi used procrastination tactics to deal with the urging of He Tianjiong and Mitsui. Taro Yamamoto, the impatient manager of Mitsui Yanghang Shanghai Branch, urgently sent a call to Sun Yat-sen: "To Tokyo Electric, your Excellency Shengdian is not at the point. We have called Tokyo Cloud: You have authorized Mitsui to negotiate with Sheng, please comply. If the conditions are not accepted by Sheng at the end of this month, the negotiations will be broken down, and your government can take necessary measures for Han Yeping and Sheng's industry. Please tell me what this point is. Mitsui." Huang Xing immediately telegramed Sheng Xuanhuai according to Yamamoto's intention. The wording was harsh and threatening: "I'm sorry for the previous telegram. So far, there has been no definite answer, and the deacon must not sincerely sponsor the Republic of China. We have granted the full power to negotiate directly with the deacon to Mitsui Yanghang. Please do not wait and see. The loan will be completed on the same day. Otherwise, the government of the Republic of China will issue an order to confiscate the deacon's property. I'm looking forward to your reply.

Sun Yat-sen called Taro Yamamoto: "I have called all points of Densheng." So far, Sun and Huang have forced Sheng Xuanhuai to a desperate situation at the instruction of Yamamoto. If they insist on not accepting Han Yeping jointly organized by Japan and China, his property in China will be confiscated by the government of the Republic of China (in fact, Han Yeping has already been confiscated by Li Xiang). From then on, he will have nothing, and he will offend Sun and Huang, and it will be difficult to return home. After receiving Huang Xing's telegram, Sheng Xuanhuai had to give in and telegraphed Yamamoto: "You can sign the draft contract within one or two days. Please inform the Nanjing Government."

At this time, it was the same as Dog Yangyi and Toushan in front of Sun Yat-sen and Huang Xing. The Provisional Government of the Republic of China, Hanyeping Coal and Iron Factory ** and Japan's Mitsui Products Co., Ltd. on the "Hanyeping Company's Sino-Japanese Co-Japanese Grass Treaty (Nanjing)".

Caoyue (Nanjing) stipulates: "The company's share capital is 50 million yuan and is handled by a Sino-Japanese joint venture"; "The company's share capital is half in China and Japan": "In addition to the existing Japanese capital of 10 million yuan borrowed from Japan, the company must continue to borrow 5 million yuan, and the above loan of 15 million yuan shall be invested in the company's shares as a Japanese. "This"; "In the third loan of this contract, the company borrows the government five million yuan to pay some cash, and the rest is used for the government to buy military uniforms from Mitsui (English work "purchase of weapons and arms"). The key points of the loan contract explain: "If the Republic of China cedes China's mining, railway, electric power and other rights to foreign countries, it should give priority to Mitsui under the same conditions."