117 My Motherland
Night is slowly coming. The front of the temporary presidential palace in Nanjing has been filled with all kinds of cars and sedan chairs. On the same day that Sun Yat-sen officially announced his dismissal, the Nanjing Alliance will hold a farewell meeting for him.
Tomorrow, Sun Yat-sen will move out of the Nanjing Temporary Presidential Palace.
"It's rare to be idle for half a day." Huang Xing smiled. He is now left in Nanjing. He really envies Sun Yat-sen.
When Miss Song saw that everyone had arrived, she clapped her hands and shouted, "Open the banquet!"
So the chips were staggered. More than 100 tables of rich cuisine were arranged from the middle hall to the two-compartment ear rooms. Thousands of large and small officials, hairpins and nobles, some shouted five times, some whispered to each other, some joked, some toasted to the banquet, and some were really lively.
Tang Shaoyi, who has just joined the alliance, has an indescending pride at this moment. He holds a wine jug and persuades wine from table to table with a red face. He initiated the farewell party, and the activity fund was given by Yuan Shikai.
"Call the troupe to sing!" Tang Shaoyi said in a loud voice.
Song Jiaoren grabbed Tang Shaoyi and said, "It's all an old-fashioned tune. Who is patient to listen! There are General Li, Yu Youren, Cai Yuanpei, Huang Keqiang, and a group of famous sergeants from Jiangnan. Isn't it good to ask them to help?
Li Xiang sat in the second seat of the main hall. He had already heard it. He shook his hand and smiled politely and said, "Brother Dunchu, don't make it difficult for me. It's okay for me to get a poem. How can I sing music? This broken voice is going to laugh at everyone!"
"I can't compare with Marshal Li, and the poetry is even worse." Huang Xing also quickly stood up and shook his head.
Several comrades at the desk were willing to give way, so they coaxed, "Li Dashuai sings the best. We have heard it in the Haihai Grand View Garden in Hatong!" Don't you want to put off the face of Brother Dunchu?"
Li thought of it and bowed and said, "It's not good to spoil everyone's fun, so I have to make an ugly. Don't blame me if I can't sing well!" After saying that, he cleared his throat.
Li Xiang has always been a playful smile. He is so dignified and serious, and it is rare that he doesn't smile. When the big guy sees him like this, he listens quietly.
Li Xiang said:
A big river with wide waves
The wind blows the fragrance of rice and flowers on both sides
My home is on the shore
I'm used to listening to the public's number
I'm used to the white sails on the ship
A big river with wide waves
The wind blows the fragrance of rice and flowers on both sides
My home is on the shore
I'm used to listening to the public's number
I'm used to the white sails on the ship
This is a beautiful motherland
Where I grew up
In this vast land
There are beautiful scenery everywhere
The girl is like a flower
How broad-minded is the young man
In order to open up a new world
Wake up the sleeping mountain
Changed the appearance of the river
This is the heroic motherland
Where I grew up
In this ancient land
There is the power of youth everywhere
Good mountain, good water, good place
All roads are wide and smooth
Friends come and have good wine
If the jackal comes
There is a shotgun to greet it
This is a powerful motherland
Where I grew up
In this warm land
Peaceful sunshine is everywhere
............
Li wanted to sing seriously, and the audience was quiet. Li wanted to sing and saw that the first few rows lowered their heads. He thought there was something wrong with singing. The Empress Dowager was a little uneasy. He walked a few more steps in front of the stage and saw that the audience behind also lowered their heads. Finally, almost all the audience lowered their heads. Li wanted to sing while observing carefully. As expected, a touching scene came into his eyes, and the audience who bowed their heads were wiping their tears. They were crying, and Li Xiang also cried while singing. "My Motherland" is a song that makes people always be moved, especially for the revolutionaries who shed blood for the motherland.
The applause sounded like thunder.
Huang Xingyin said, "Shuai Li's means are really extraordinary. The lyrics are new and new, which is more touching and inspiring. It makes Lao Huang's heart itch. If I don't wait for you to urge me, I will also perfunctory, which is also your lyrics!" Then he sang:
The wind and rain in Zhongshan turn yellow
Millions of heroes cross the river
The tiger's plate is better than the past
The world is earth-shaking and generous
It is appropriate to chase the poor bandits with the remaining courage
You can't be a famous top student
If the sky is affectionate, the sky will be old
The right path in the world is the vicissitudes of life
............
Before the song was finished, everyone was already engaged in the chorus, which was magnificent.
After the fun, Sun Yat-sen delivered a speech at the farewell meeting of the members of the Nanjing Alliance:
"Jungs:
Today, the members of the League will have a farewell party. It's the best opportunity for everyone to meet. It's a blessing.
Today, the Republic of China is established. Brothers are relieved of the post of interim president. The dismissal is not to do nothing. After the dismissal, there are still more important things to start than politics.
Since China died in Manchuria 270 years ago, there has been no way to recover from the country. There are parties everywhere, and they all want to practice nationalism. Fifty years ago, the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom was purely a representative of the national revolution, but it was only a national revolution. After the revolution, it was still autocratic. Such a revolution was not a success.
Eight or nine years ago, a few comrades launched an alliance meeting in Japan, which established three major doctrines: first, nationalism; second, civil rights; third, people's livelihoodism. Today, the Qing Dynasty abdiced, the Republic of China was established, and the national and civil rights were both achieved. However, the people's livelihood doctrine has not yet started. In the future, what we should do is this matter.
The social revolution is advocated by the world, and most people in China have not yet seen it. That is, many people today think that they will transform China, but they just want to make China a very powerful country and keep pace with Europe and the United States. In fact, this is not the case. Today, the richest and strongest is the United Kingdom and the United States, and the most civilized France. Britain is a constitutional monarchy, and France and the United States are both democratic and republican. The political system is extremely beautiful. However, the rich and poor in the country are too far apart, and there are still many socialist parties who want to revolution. Without a social revolution, the people cannot be fully at ease. Only a few capitalists enjoy happiness. There are still most workers suffering, so naturally they can't be at peace with each other.
The two levels of Chinese nation and civil rights have been achieved, but the people's livelihood has not been achieved. That is, the people in this association also said: "Rectural revolution and political revolution are very easy, but social revolution is the most difficult. Because the racial revolution only needs to remove the alien race, and the political revolution only needs to improve the organs, and the social revolution can only be implemented at the highest level of the people. Although China has made contributions to the two revolutions of national and civil rights, the social revolution has to be left. This sentence is not the same. Because civilization has progressed and industry and commerce have developed in Britain and the United States, social revolution is difficult; Chinese civilization has not progressed, and industry and commerce has not developed, so social revolution is easy. Capitalists in Britain and the United States have come out, and there are many obstacles, so it is difficult to leave; Chinese capitalists have not come out, and obstacles have not been born, so it is easy to do.
What is the way to do it? Let's try to ask a question: Does the social revolution still need to use force? Brothers dare to answer sternly: the social revolution in Britain and the United States may require force, while China's social revolution does not need to use force. Therefore, it was just said that the social revolution in Britain and the United States is difficult, and the social revolution in China is easy, which is also for this reason. China was originally a poor country. Since this revolution, the people have run out of money. The home of the Chinese people is no longer available. For example, there are no foreign capitalists, so the social revolution is not painful. However, the time is still not seen, so the social revolution is put on hold, which is not possible. For example, if a person heals a disease, it is better to prevent it from the disease than to treat it. We can't take a big look at it until decades and hundreds of years later, and to all countries in the world. If you think that the Chinese capitalists have not come out, they will ignore the social revolution. When the level of the people is high, the rich and the poor have become, and then it is too late to lose it! British and American countries have been suffering from this recently because they have not been concerned about it before. The British coal mine strike in the winter is the evidence. However, the strike can't be said to be a revolution, but a kind of violent dong. Because the British want to engage in a social revolution, they can't do it, and they have no choice but to do it out of dong. However, although the social revolution is difficult to carry out today, it will always be implemented in the future. However, it is difficult to predict what kind of fierce means and how dangerous it is when it is implemented. When this national and civil rights revolution is successful, if we don't think about prevention, capitalists will appear in the future, and their methods of suppression may be much worse than that of an autocratic monarch. At that time, it will be a heavy disaster if we kill people and fight for blood!
The formerism has an average land right. If the average land right can be achieved, the social revolution will become seven or eight points. The implementation of the law of equal land rights should be spread throughout the country.
But there is one thing, especially to pay attention to at this time: now that the old government has gone, the new government has been formed, and civil affairs has not yet started. When it is started, the main contracts of various places must be replaced. This is what should have happened in the past dynasties. If you advocate social revolution, you can change less when changing the deed, which has been fully effective. In the past, the land owned by the people was taxed according to the area, and it was divided into upper, middle and lower three. In the future, it should be changed to a method and collect tax according to the price. According to the difference of the place, there are more than three. Compared with the land of Huangpu Beach in Shanghai, the price of Nanjing is unknown, but it is divided into three grade, and it will not be equal. It's better to collect taxes according to the price. You collect more taxes and less taxes in cheap places. The noble land must be in a prosperous place, and its land is mostly owned by the rich, and it is taken more without abuse; the cheap land must be in the remote land, mostly owned by the poor, so it must be taken lightly. There is no such difference between the three. For example, a mu of land in Huangpu Beach pays a tax of several yuan, and farmers in the countryside also pay a tax of several yuan, which is the most unequal. If you pay the tax according to the land price, there will be no such disease.
In the future, with the development of industry and commerce, the land will be expensive, which is bound to come. The price of Shanghai today is at least ten thousand times more expensive than a hundred years ago. After 50 years, China should create dozens of Shanghai. Last year in Yingjing, I saw that a place was only slightly prosperous, and its price was about 6 million yuan per mu. China was also unavoidable to this point later, and such heavy profits were obtained by landlords. For example, there are ten mu of land in the countryside, and it is only enough to raise one person. If it is developed, it can be worth 60 million yuan, and you will become a millionaire. Where does this family come from? It is probably due to the development of railways and other industries, rather than by their own efforts. Decades later, those who have fields have to enjoy this great priority, and collect people's taxes according to the land, which is the words of uneven land rights.
In the method of seeking equality, some people claim that the land is state-owned, but the state buys the national land, I'm afraid there is no such power. The best one is better than the land value tax. If the land price is 100 yuan and the tax is 100 yuan, the tax is 100,000 yuan, which is still not important to the rich. This kind of land price tax law has now been adopted in the United Kingdom and has been passed after the dissolution of Parliament several times. However, British constinuums such as Australia have long been adopted, because its law is very beautiful and there is no other way to hinder it.
However, this is the only condition, but it is enough for the rich to pay a few yuan of tax. There must be a second condition - the country should approve in the land deed that when the country needs the land, it can buy it at the price of the deed at any time, so that there is no harm. If the people expect that the country will buy this place, so the price is high, but the country will not buy it. If it has to pay the highest tax every year, it will be burdensome and they will not dare. That is, if they want to lower the price for less tax, they will be afraid that the country will buy it, and they will not dare to buy it. Therefore, if these two methods are shown to each other, it is not necessary to set the price. On the one hand of the country, whether it collects taxes or buys land, it is of great benefit. China has been suffering from extreme poverty recently. The remedy is not only to collect the local tax, but also to collect the deed tax. In the past, the deed tax in Guangdong was nine taels per 100 taels. Now it is appropriate to order the whole country to change the land deed and set an equal price, and take three taels to five taels per 100 taels. If the new deed is not changed for more than a year, the people do not dare to postpone it. Since then, land prices have been rising day by day, and the country's income has increased. What's the problem of poverty? The land is the origin of production. After equalizing the land rights, socialism is easy. If the country wants to build a railway and the people can't raise the price, it is easy to buy land.
So we will discuss the issue of capital. If you want to have a big business, but you have no capital, you can't help borrowing foreign debt. Borrowing foreign debt to promote the industry, which is in favor of both inside and outside. The day before yesterday, I heard that Mr. Tang Shaochuan said that the debt of the Beijing-Feng Railway could be repaid early. Because the British did not want to accept it, he moved this money to repair the Beijing Zhang. It can be seen that the investment industry is what outsiders want. When it comes to China, when it comes to foreign debt, it is as scary as poison. I don't know that foreign debt for non-production is harmful, and borrowing foreign debt for production is beneficial. The development of the United States, the prosperity of Akin Beach in South America, Japan and other countries have all been powered by foreign debt. For the benefit of borrowing debts and building roads in our country, if Beijing receives three years of income, it can repay the full amount of road construction. Since then, the income every year is pure profit; if you don't borrow money, there will be no such income. The U.S. railway revenue can earn 70,000 US dollars, and other subsidiary benefits can support millions of workers and transport local goods everywhere. If it is not opened as soon as possible, there will be a small income of tens of thousands of yuan a year later. The so-called "time is money" of the Westerners, our people do not know how to care about it, which is particularly lamentable! In the past, Zhang Zhidong discussed the construction of the Luhan Railway, which was not afraid of borrowing foreign debt and buying foreign materials. The establishment of the Hanyang Railway Factory originally wanted to build its own railway tracks. Unexpectedly, the Hanyang Railway Factory failed repeatedly and posted a lot of money. In the end, it was in the hands of Sheng Xuanhuai, and the railway was not successful. More than 20 years later, it is still caused by Biguo, and all materials are still bought in foreign countries. Even if the Hanyang Iron Factory is successful, it has been more than 20 years late, and I don't know what it has lost. China knows money but doesn't know time. It's the same for most of them. Production in all parts of China is underdeveloped, and the people have no work to do. That is, in Guangdong Province, there are about 300,000 "pigs" exported every year to make cattle and horses for people. If they can import foreign capital and work in a lot, the Chinese do not need to work, and the production in China is several times higher. In the past, when I passed through Canada, I saw that Chinese people used machines to dig in coal mines. Each person could dig more than ten tons a day, and people's salary was seven or eight yuan, while capitalists could get at least hundreds of yuan. Coal miners in mainland China dig less than one ton a day, and their productivity is very small. If they use machines, they can add at least ten times. If production is increased by more than ten times, that is, wealth is also increased by more than ten times, isn't it the richest country? If you can develop its productivity, you will be rich; if you can't develop its productivity, you will be poor. In the past, it was made by the Qing government, and it wanted to develop but could not. Today, the republic is completed, the measures are free, the industry is booming, and the cover is predictable.
However, it is impossible to prevent a kind of malpractice, that is, the capitalists will take advantage of this. If there is a factory with hundreds of helpers, people can make a profit of 200 yuan, and the salary is not more than five yuan. I am afraid that it is not enough to support the family. This is an unevenness, so it is a matter of strike - this production increase is inevitable. Therefore, on the one hand, the country is rich and strong, and on the other hand, it is to prevent the monopoly of capitalists. This policy of malpractice prevention is non-socialist. In the political platform of this association, the national socialist policy is adopted, that is, this matter. Nowadays, Germany uses this policy. All major industries in the country, such as railways, electricity, waterways, etc., are nationalized, and private individuals do not enjoy their benefits. Britain and the United States did not use this policy at the beginning, and the harm has been seen now. At present, the United States wants to collect railways as state-owned, but its income is too large, and the purchase does not have such financial resources, which has become a deep-rooted trend. Only Germany has since then, so it can think about prevention, and the national railways are state-owned. If China takes the law from Germany and can extend the railway to 200,000 miles, it can earn 100,000 yuan. This one alone is more than enough for the public use of the whole country.
There is still one layer, which is that China is better than other countries. Most of the land in Britain is owned by the aristocracy; most of the land that has been reclaimed in the United States belongs to the people, but those that have not been reclaimed have not yet been privately owned; in China, except for land, all mineral mountains and forests are state-owned. British mine rents are very high, and the annual income is huge, which is in the hands of the landlord. Why don't Chinese mining officials rent and mine with the people for profit?
For China's national social policy, the local tax can be dozens of times the current income; when it comes to railway income, it will be recovered by the state after 30 years, and the quasi-United States will get about 140,000 yuan; the mine lease is about 100,000 yuan. That is to say, these three items are the total national income, so there must be a lot of room for the year. At this time, the government is no longer poor. The lack of use of the country is worrying; it is also worrying that the income is surplus and useless. At this time, the method of pre-planning and elimination is not good to use it for education expenses. A legal man who enters primary school at the age of five or six is later raised by the state until the age of 20, which is regarded as a right of Chinese citizens. The school has all kinds of knowledge. After learning, you can become an independent citizen, and you can have the right to participate in politics, freedom and equality. After the 20th, you will be self-sufficient. Fortunately, you are a hopeful person and a rich man, and you don't need to be taken care of by others. If there is an unfortunate person who is lost halfway, the pension will be given by the state after 50 years. This system has also been practiced in Britain. People give about seven or eight hundred yuan a year, while China can give thousands of yuan. If you have many children, those who are unable to raise them can also be raised by the state. At this time, home makes people happy, and Chinese civilization is not only on par with Europe and the United States!
Where this is said, there will be a day when this expectation will be met in the future, and the matter is thinking about prevention, adopting the national social policy, so that the society will not suffer from the oppression of the economic class, and follow the trend of nature, as appropriate progress. The so-called national benefit and the people's welfare is beyond this. I am willing to participate in it with my people.
Sun Yat-sen stressed that there is still something more important than politics, and called the realization of people's livelihood socialism a social revolution.
What kind of revolution is Sun Yat-sen's social revolution? Most people who listened to his speech still have no way of knowing. But one thing is for sure, it is desirable that the scene of the people's "all happiness" is desirable.
Many people think that Sun Yat-sen is making a big shot, which is like a myth. Li thought so before. He thinks that this view should be changed today.
Mr. Zhongshan said, "Importing foreign capital and working in a great way." Later, Mao Zhuxi also said that "after China's independence, it may introduce foreign investment on a large scale". Finally, Comrade Xiaoping did so, creating the myth of reform and opening up!
What Sun Yat-sen lacks is a person who practices his theory.