188 broad theory

Looking out of the window from the room, the maple leaves in front of the ice hall turned red, like flames, extremely gorgeous.

In front of the negotiating table, the two sides argued very fiercely.

Between the two sides, spread out a map of one in 3.8 million of Tibet and its adjacent areas drawn by the Royal Geographical Society.

"The red and blue lines mark the boundaries of internal and external Tibet. The red line is in the east, the blue line is in the west, the red and blue lines are hidden inside, and the blue line is the west is the outer collection. The inner Tibetan line starts from Kunlun Mountain to Tilara near Chayu. Most of Qinghai and Xikang are in the inner Tibetan; the outer Tibetan line also starts from Kunlun Mountain to Tiala. Dege, Ganzi and Zhan are all foreign Tibetans in the west..." British representative McMahon talked as a moder.

McMahon also formally proposed a "adjustment" draft: "This draft has a total of eleven articles. The main contents are: the first paragraph, the treaties listed in the schedule, will continue to be valid except for changes in this treaty, or where it is different from or contrary to this agreement; in the second paragraph, the governments of China and the United Kingdom recognize that Tibet is not under China's sovereignty, but It belongs to the sovereign state of China and recognizes that Tibet has the right of autonomy. All foreign and Tibetan internal affairs should be handled by the Lhasa government, and the Chinese and British governments will not interfere. China's zhengf government does not change Tibet into a province, and the British government does not use any part of Tibet; in the third paragraph, China does not send troops outside Tibet, does not station civilian and military officials, and does not do colonize. The British government does not send civil and military officials in Tibet. Except for the guard of the Commerce Committee, it does not send troops and does not handle colonial matters in the country; the fourth paragraph does not prevent Chinese representatives from bringing a considerable guard to Tibet; the fifth paragraph, the Sino-Tibetan government stipulates that they will not negotiate with each other on Tibetan affairs; the sixth paragraph, the Sino-British Treaty of 1906, the third The paragraph is invalid; the seventh paragraph, the Articles of Indo-Tibet and Commerce of 1893 and 1908 are invalidated, and the British government will make new articles of association; the eighth paragraph, British members stationed in the commercial port must go to Lhasa to negotiate with the Tibetan government, and can accompany the guard at any time; the ninth paragraph, the division of all Tibetan realms and inner and outer Tibet. The boundary is painted with red and blue lines in the attached map; the tenth paragraph, in the Gurkha and Ladak people in Tibet who suffered losses due to the expulsion of the Sichuan army, the zheng government of China will compensate 424,840 rupees... In addition, the treaties listed in the table include: the Sino-British, Tibetan and Indian Treaty of 1890 and 1904. There are three types: the Anglo-Tibetan Treaty and the Sino-British Treaty of Renewal of Tibet and India in 1906.

The main content of this draft is almost the same as the Sino-Russian Statement under negotiation between Beijing and Tsarist Russia, which reflects the tacit understanding between Britain and Russia. Britain's request is in a completely equal position with Russia in the struggle to divide up Chinese territory. Compared with what Russia has done in Outer Mongolia, Britain will also do the same in Tibet. In the name of China's recognition of foreign-Tibetan autonomy, it regards Tibet as a country, denies China's sovereignty over Tibet, and only owns suzerainty and so on. As for the statement of internal and external Tibet, it is a ready-made model of attacking Inner and Outer Mongolia, which is not available in the draft treaty prepared in advance by the British government. It is the original creation of McMahon during the Wuchang Conference. The division of Inner and Outer Mongolia is China's original system. Russia used the means of stealing beams and pillars to force the Beijing government to recognize the "autonomy" of Outer Mongolia and the special status of Russia in Outer Mongolia. However, on the surface, it still recognizes that Outer Mongolia is part of China's territory and recognizes that the original system in Outer Mongolia in the Qing Dynasty remains unchanged, which gives Yuan Shikai Leave a fig leaf to betray the country. The methods of internal and external collections made by McMahon are completely different. It has never been done before in Chinese history, especially the scope of internal and external collections, which is arbitrarily sketched by McMahon on the map.

Li Xiang sneered and said, "McMahon fabricated the sayings of inner and outer Tibetans, arbitrarily distorts China's history, regardless of China's current situation, and is just a delusional from the standpoint of the British Empire."

McMahon said proudly: "It recognizes the established autonomy of outer Tibet, and China still has a number of rights in Tibet. This is the most reasonable solution to return to peace.

The draft includes most of Qinghai and western Sichuan into the Tibetan boundary, which is divided into inner Tibet and outer Tibet. Even the outer Tibet also includes Qinghai and parts of Sichuan. On the surface, this "arcjustment" draft makes China retain certain rights to Tibet, such as the dispatch of representatives to Tibet, but other provisions of the draft make these rights almost zero. The draft only allows China to have 100 guards in Tibet. Except for the role of some representatives stationed in Tibet, it has no impact on the control of the Tibet Bureau. The practical role of the draft is to make Tibet independent in the name of autonomy. And this so-called "independence" is nothing more than the control of the British Empire, making Tibet a British colony, which is clearly shown in the various privileges given to Britain in the draft.

Li wanted to take a look at Lord Si Lun Xiaza, the general manager of Da Nai Buddha, who suddenly became a mud bodhisattva in this peace talks. He seemed to understand something and stopped talking nonsense with McMahon. He simply closed his eyes and refreshed. He is not in a hurry at all. He has one more minute to walk, and his troops are one step closer to Lhasa. It's not him.

McMahon saw this and said, "If Li Shuai is not satisfied with the treaty, we can modify it. Qinghai Lake, Jinchuan, Arrow Furnace, Adunzi and other places can also not be allocated to the inner Tibet; however, Zhantian and Dege must be allocated from the outer Tibet and allocated to the Inner Tibet in exchange.

Li Xiang disdained his eyelids.

"Hm?" McMahon knew that Chinese people have good face. As long as there is a false name of a suzerain country, they can not have any interests, or even be inverted. Therefore, he said: "The second paragraph can delete the sentence "not belonging to China's ruling power"; the fourth paragraph can be renamed "representative" of China in Tibet can be changed to "Xian Ren", accompanied by a hundred guards. Changed to 300 people; the tenth paragraph cancels the content of compensation for the Gurkha and Ladak people by the Chinese government stipulated in the old draft, and changed it to "If there is a problem between China and Tibet according to this agreement and disagree with each other, it shall be interfered by the British government" proposed by the representative of the Tibetan party... In addition, after the attached table, seven paragraphs are added, two of which The paragraph is extracted from the text of the old manuscript and changed to a statement; the new content mainly includes the recognition of Tibet as a part of China's territory; after the election of the Danai Lama, it can still be awarded a considerable title by the Chinese zheng government..."

McMahon played tricks and changed the direction of the northeast corner of the red line in the picture attached to the treaty on the spot. Seeing that Li Xiang still did not enter, Xia Zha, like Mud Bodhisattva, first drafted the contract, and then threatened Li Xiang to say, "Where Baikang Putuoling, the northeast of Amei Maqingling, is all assigned to Qinghai, the proposed manuscript industry and If Li Shuai does not initialise today, he will delete all the second and fourth paragraphs of the contract, that is, he will officially sign a contract with Tibet and will no longer negotiate with China!"

"Can I think this is threatening you?" Lixiang finally raised his eyelids and glanced at McMahon.

McMahon's heart trembled. This was just a momentary thing. He immediately returned to toughness and said, "If Li Shuai refuses to agree and sign the contract for this meeting, China cannot enjoy the benefits considered in the three-sided treaty. If Li Shuai does not sign the contract, the government is free to sign the contract alone. In this way, China's due privileges and interests contained in the three contracts will naturally be lost. And our government intends to help Tibet to resist China's invasion!"

"Arrogance! China's internal affairs are not allowed to dictate!" Li wanted to pat the table and hit the bench, and his anger finally broke out. Come on! Drag a few foreign devils out!"

It has long been seen that these big-nosed ghosts and several big-waisted revolutionary soldiers rushed up and dragged out the door with several foreign devils.

"We are British! Citizens of the British Empire! How dare you! How dare you!" McMahon, who was dragged out of the door, blushed with anger and kicked his legs randomly: "Such behavior is simply..."

The knife-like eyes of the countless golden eagle guards made him try his best to control himself and swallow the last two words.

"Barbaric!" Li wanted to say it coldly for him.

Xia Zha's eyelids jumped around and watched McMahon being dragged out.

"Marshal, how to explain to the outside world..." Zeng Gao asked sideways.

Li Xiang stared and said, "It was announced to the public that the dearest international friend of the Chinese people: Mr. McMahon, a British, during the peace talks, he worked hard and finally fell to work due to hard work. After being persuaded by friends from all walks of life in Wuhan, he went to Wudang Mountain to recuperate."

Xia Za's heart trembled again.

......

Before dawn, the wind continued to blow, and the heavy snow continued to float. The road ahead could not be distinguished. The revolutionary army team just stepped forward with deep and shallow feet in the snow. Every step, they had to gasp, and a few comrades got snow blindness. The soldiers walked with ropes wrapped around the soles of the shoes to prevent slipping. Some soldiers slipped several times in a row, and finally simply climbed up the mountain with their hands on the snow.

The fatigue caused by the long-distance march, coupled with our food difficulties, we only eat very little grain and some garden roots, lack oil, salt, vegetables and vegetables, and have a bad rest at night. It is said that most of the soldiers are blue, their eyes are black, and their climbing legs are soft.

On the road to heaven, the revolutionary army came to the last snowy mountain in Lhasa, the terminal, Luma Ridge, which is 5,000 meters above sea level. More than a thousand miles of mountains and rivers had to bow to bow to the revolutionary army and was left behind by the revolutionary army.

The soldiers climbed up Lumaling and looked at the valley leading to Lhasa from afar. They all cheered with excitement: " More than 2,000 miles of snowy mountains and evil water have passed, and we are about to reach Lhasa triumphantly!"

Yes, it's a victory! However, when the revolutionary soldiers stood in Lumaling and looked back, the snowy mountains and rivers appeared in front of them day and night.

On this long journey, how many strong comrades-in-arms fall off the cliff in a flash, and how many good comrades can't sleep on the plateau. Even thousands of yaks could not stand the long journey, and their hooves were bloody and fell into the snow one after another. These more than 2,000 miles of dangerous mountains and evil water, how much red blood has been spilled all the way, and how much courage and loyalty have been buried all the way! This road to victory sent to Tibet was paved by countless martyrs with blood and life.