Chapter 62: Zhumen wine and meat, dead bones on the road 3

Hebei area is the Kingi region of the Ming Dynasty. The royal family and Xun Guiguang set up Zhuangtian, and most of the farmers' land was occupied. At the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, farmers in Hebei, Shandong, Jiangsu and Anhui were sent to serve as horse farmers, feeding stallions and paying horses. Later, several states and counties near Beijing were ordered to adopt foster horses. Raw horses are collected from the feeding area and sent to be fostered near Beijing for use at any time, which is called foster horses. Horse farmers need to buy compensation if they lose their stalles and foster horses. So that "small people sell land and men and women are at best, which is unspeakable." In Hebei, horses are particularly harmful. At that time, "the most suffering from grain in the south of the Yangtze River is the most, and the suffering from horses in Hebei is the most." Farmers who have lost their land and are unable to live often reunite and ride in the wilderness of the plains, robbing the rich to help the poor. The Ming court called them "horse thieves". During the reign of Emperor Wuzong, the people's resistance and struggle developed more. In the fifth year of Zhengde, the Ming court sent the imperial historian Ningao to Zhending, Yin Yi to Tianjin and Xue Fengming to Huaiyang, specializing in the arrest of thieves, known as "the imperial history of thieves". Ning Gao played the Shiwulian sitting method in Zhending. Every day, in the name of arresting thieves, he sent the arrested people to the city and showed them to the public with a tour guide in front of drum music. Soon after, Liu Liu and Liu Qi, from Wen'an, led an uprising in Bazhou, and there were thousands of poor people in response. When the rebel army passed through Fucheng and Jiaohe River, the Ningjiao army did not dare to send troops. After the uprising army left, they plundered civilians to repay their achievements. In the place where the officers and soldiers passed, the residents fled behind closed doors. Wherever the peasant uprising army went, the residents were willing to provide food and equipment and even abandon their homes to participate in the uprising. Zhao Yu, a student of Wen'an, and his two younger brothers led 500 people to join the rebel army.

At the beginning of the spring of the following year, the rebel army invaded Shandong from Hebei and returned to Beijing from Shandong. There are tens of thousands of people. The uprising army was divided into two routes: Liu, Liu Qi, Qi Yanming and other armies as the first route, and Yang Hu, Liu Hui, Zhao Yu, Xing Hu, etc. as the first route. The two routes of soldiers galloped through the four fields and did not occupy the city, time to meet, meet back and forth, and transferred to Hebei, Shandong and other places.

In September, Yang Hu's uprising army broke through Cangzhou and advanced to Mengshan, Shandong Province, defeating Li Jin's army, deputy general of Ming. Zhao Yu wrote a poem in Tai'an, "Who dares to arrest him?" The uprising army marched to Jinan, Dongchang, Yanzhou, Dengzhou, Laizhou and other places. Most of the counties and counties in Shandong were broken by the peasant army. The Ming court ordered the eunuch Gu Da to use the governor's military affairs, Lu Wan, the servant of the military headquarters, sent the Beijing battalion army, and added Xuanfu, Datong and Yansui border soldiers to come to Shandong to suppress the uprising. Yang Hu's army broke through the siege of the Ming army and attacked Xuzhou in the south. In November, when Suqian crossed the Little Yellow River (the old road of the Yellow River), Yang Hu fell into the water and died in the battle of crossing the river. Liu Hui was promoted as the leader and Zhao Yu as his deputy. Yang Hu's wife, Cui Shi, is brave and good at fighting, known as "Wow Yang's Army". Liu Hui led the army into Huoqiu in Nanzhili, defeated the Ming army, killed Wang Bao, and broke Luyi and Xincai. In the north and south of Hehuai, officials fled, and the people participated in the uprising one after another. They jointly promoted Liu Hui to fight for the grand marshal. Zhao Fu changed his name to Huaizhong and called him the deputy marshal. Xiao Zhang Yong led the front army, led the rear army, Liu Zi led the left army, Ma Hu led the right army, Xing Tiger led the middle army, and was called the governor. Chen Han is the chief marshal of the military. Twenty-eight battalions should be divided into twenty-eight camps, and each tree has its flag as its name. Put the golden flag two, the big book: "Three thousand tigers, straight to the land of swallows; dragons fly nine five, reopen the chaotic sky." When the Ming envoy came to Zhao's army to comfort him, Zhao Fufu wrote a letter and said, "The treacherous minister was in the turbid sea, killing the minister and scolding the elders. The begging emperor was arbitrary, and the head of the treacherous minister thanked the world, and the head of the minister was killed to thank the treacherous minister. The insurgent army broke through Yuzhou, Henan Province, killed Ming and commanded Zhan Ji and Yu Cai. In February 152, Xing Tiger died of illness, and Zhao Yu and his people, with a number of 130,000, were the most powerful in the rebel army. He turned to Xiangyang, Fancheng, Zaoyang, Suizhou and Xinye, broke through Biyang and burned the home of Jiao Fang, a former university scholar. Jiao Fang fled alone. Zhao Yu ordered Jiao Fang to hang it on the tree and said, "I will kill this thief with my hand to thank the world." The Ming court sent Peng Ze and Xianning Bo Qiu Yue to lead the army to encircle and suppress the Henan uprising army. Liu Hui and Zhao Qi retreated to Gushi, Yingzhou, Guangshan, and then to Liu'an. In May, the rebel army wanted to get rid of the pursuit of the Ming army and divided the army into two: Liu Hui led more than 10,000 people north to the mall; Zhao Qi went to the northeast to Fengyang and Sizhou and transferred to Huguang Yingshan. Zhao Han's army was defeated, and his subordinates Chen Han and others surrendered to the Ming Dynasty. Zhao Yu was alone and met the monk Zhen'an. Because he shaved his hair and hid the ultimatum, he disguised as a monk who wanted to cross the river to Jiangxi, and then made a big move. He was captured by the Ming army and escorted to Beijing and executed. Liu Hui turned all the way to Tongbai and Nanzhao and was defeated. Liu Hui was shot in the left eye by the Ming army and committed suicide by arson.

The rebel army led by Liu Liu and Liu Qi entered Shandong from Hebei in the autumn of the year of the uprising, breaking through Rizhao, Haifeng, Shouzhang, Yanggu, Qiu, Ningyang, Qufu, Yishui, Surabaya and Philadelphia. Attacking Jining, he burned 1,200 boats and captured Wang Chong, the chief of the Ministry of Industry. In April of the following year, 100,000 people of the Ming army besieged the uprising army in Songqianpo, Guxianji and other places in Dengzhou. Liu Liu and Liu Qi led elite horses to break through the siege, and then invaded Hebei from Shandong, entered Xianghe, Baodi and Yutian counties, turned to Wuqing, defeated the Ming army, killed the Ming political king, and threatened Beijing. The Ming court sent heavy troops to block it, and the rebel army turned to Guanxian, Pingyuan and Pizhou, and crossed the river to Gushi. At this time, the rebel army led by Liu Hui and Zhao Yu in Henan was suppressed and defeated by the Ming army. Liu Liu and others fought alone and led the crowd to Huguang. They were defeated in Tuanfeng Town, Huangzhou. Liu Liu and his son threw themselves into the water and committed suicide. Liu Qi and Qi Yanming captured the ship and went down from the Yangtze River to Nanzhili Nantong. The rebel army was active along the Yangtze River from Jiujiang, Anqing to Nantong, and crossed Nanjing three times. Liu Qi, Qi Yanming and others wanted to land and return to Huai'an and return to Shandong. They were stopped by Yangzhou officers and soldiers, so they took Langshan as their base and kept attacking Changzhou, Jiangyin and other places. The army that will be suppressed in the Ming Dynasty will gather in the south and north of the Yangtze River and march south to the south. In July, Liu Hui, deputy general of the Ming Dynasty, led the Liaodong soldiers, Qianzong Renxi led the Datong soldiers, and the guerrilla Yin Yong led the Xuanfu troops to attack the Wolf Mountain. The rebel army fought bravely. Liu Qi was hit by the arrow and committed suicide. Qi Yanming died bravely. Hundreds of rebel soldiers died bravely and the uprising failed.

The uprising led by Liu Liu and Liu Qi lasted for three years, and turned to North and South Zhili, Shandong, Henan, Huguang and other vast areas, where they passed were deeply supported by the people. There was a lack of close cooperation between the two rebel forces, and the long-term mobile operations were defeated by the Ming army and failed.

The power of the broad masses of the people is extremely huge. The power of the rulers will come down, and another place will emerge. The uprisings in Sichuan and Beijing are in full swing. When the insurgents led by Liu Liu and Liu Qi threatened Kyoto, many peasant uprisings also broke out in various parts of Jiangxi. In Dongxiang, Fuzhou, there are Wang Yuwu, Xu Yangsan, Fu Ren and other departments; Wang Cheng II, Wang Haoba, Yin Yongshi and other departments in Yaoyuan Cave in Wannian County, Raozhou, Jiangxi Province; Luo Guangquan and Chen Fu in Hualin Mountain, Gao'an County, Ruizhou, Jiangxi Province; Hejiqin Departments Damo Mountain, Xunwu County, Ganzhou, Jiangxi Province; and Hu Lei II, Yuewangling Agate Village, Jing'an County. The insurgents stood in the valley and supported each other, which was very powerful. The Ganzhou Uprising Army attacked Xingan and captured Zhao Shixian, who participated in politics. The Hualin Mountain Uprising Army captured the capital city of Ruizhou. The local authorities panicked and were in a hurry. In February, the Ming court sent Chen Jin, the imperial historian of the right capital, to lead the Ming army in Nanzhili, Zhejiang, Fujian, Guangdong and Huguang provinces to suppress the uprising.

After Chen Jin arrived in Jiangxi, Zhou Nan, the governor of Nangan, led the army to attack Damao Mountain. The big hat mountain is located at the junction of Jiangxi, Guangdong and Fujian provinces. The bird road is back and the forest is deep. Thousands of rebel troops, such as Zhang Fanxuan, took this as a base and attacked from time to time, successively captured Jianning, Ninghua, Shicheng and Wan'an counties. In the first month of the seventh year of Zhengde, Zhou Nan mobilized troops from Jiangxi, Guangdong and Fujian provinces to attack Damao Mountain, and Zhang Fanxuan was arrested and killed.

In May, Chen Jin sent Zhou Xian, the deputy envoy of the inspector, and other troops to attack Hualin. With high evidence and danger, the rebel army defeated the Ming army, captured Zhou Xian alive, and smashed the encirclement. Chen Jin added Datong border soldiers and Guangxi soldiers, and sent Nanchang governor Li Chengxun to join the local soldiers to attack Hualin. Li Chengxun recruited Huang Qi, the leader of the rebel army, as a guide to attack the rebel army at night. The rebel army was unprepared, more than 4,000 soldiers were killed, and Luo Guangquan and other leaders were killed.

After defeating the Hualin Uprising Army, Chen Jin besieged Yao Yuan. The Ming army surrounded the rebel army from five sides: Yu Gan, Anren, Guixi, Poyang and Leping, and Chen Jin personally led a large army to attack Yao Yuan. Yin Yong, the leader of the uprising, was seriously injured and died. Wang Haoba, who was born as a grain leader, revolted again and returned to Peiyuan Mountain in Guixi. The rest of the crowd gathered and camped for ten miles. The court officials impeached Chen Jin, "You can't beat the thief, but kill more innocent people." The Ming court ordered Yu, the deputy governor of Jiang, to supervise the military affairs of Jiangxi, Zhejiang and Fujian on behalf of Chen Jin. In May, Yu ordered Jiangxi to participate in politics and Wu Tingju and other attack the insurgents. Wu Tingju personally went to Wang Hao's eight armies to surrender and was detained by Wang Haoba. Wu Tingju learned about the truth and fled back. Yu Jian ambushed Pei Yuan and took advantage of the uprising army to transport grain and send troops to cover up. Wang Haoba led his army to break through the siege and transferred to Huizhou, Quzhou and other places. In June, he was chased by the Ming army and suffered defeat.

After the failure of the peasant uprising in Jiangxi, farmers from all over the country still gathered to resist the government from time to time. In the mountainous areas at the border between southern Jiangxi and Fujian and Guangdong, there are uprising peasants building villages by mountain caves, and nearly thousands of miles back. After many encirclement by the imperial court over the years, the original large and combative rebels were all suppressed, and the remaining remnants could only stop attacking the nearby county government and choose the way that most people would choose when the enemy was strong and weak. It is to be stationed by danger and build a village according to the cave. The government was difficult to attack, and the insurgents did not rely on the outside world. They chose a lifestyle of self-protection and self-exile. At least you can cultivate your own fields and farm by yourself, and no longer have to hand over grain to the government. Time has passed in a hurry, and it has been five years. Some people say that the biggest enemy of time is because it can kill people invisibly, and no one can escape it.

After a long time, the ** that originally opposed oppression at the time of the uprising also disappeared and was affected by the "rising of the sun" and the free peasant life. This kind of pastoral life is naturally good, but these people, after all, are the "insurgents" a few years ago, but according to the words of the imperial court , over there are "reverse thieves" and "giant bandits". Even if I no longer want to rebel and just want to stay here for a lifetime, I'm afraid that if I want to, the court will not.

Zhan Shifu stood on a hill and looked at the mountains in the distance. Now it is summer, and the trees in the mountains are growing well and lush in the distance. But he sighed for a long time.