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Kaifeng was called Bianliang in ancient times, and the capitals of the Later Zhou and Northern Song Dynasties were built here. At that time, it was called Tokyo and was one of the famous ancient capitals. Cultural relics include the Iron Tower, Fan Pagoda, Longting, Yuwangtai, Daxiangguo Temple and the ruins of Bianliang City in the Northern Song Dynasty.

Overview of Kaifeng

Kaifeng, referred to as Bian, is now a municipality directly under the Central Government of Henan Province. It is one of the seven ancient capitals of China and one of the first 24 famous historical and cultural cities announced by the State Council. It is located in the middle of China's territory and on the bank of the Yellow River, the cradle of Chinese history and culture. It is an ancient city with a long history and culture. In the history of China, Kaifeng was once known as Daliang, Bianliang, Tokyo, Bianjing, etc. The city has a history of more than 2,700 years since its founding. The State of Wei in the Warring States Period, the Later Liang Dynasty, the Later Jin Dynasty, the Later Han Dynasty, the Later Zhou Dynasty, the Northern Song Dynasty and the Jin Dynasty in the Five Dynasties, were founded in Kaifeng, so it was called the "City of the Seven Dynasties". Kaifeng, together with Xi'an, Luoyang, Beijing, Nanjing, Hangzhou and Anyang in China, is famous at home and abroad. Kaifeng has a superior geographical location, mild climate, rich products, convenient transportation, developed culture and education, scientific and technological progress, and economic prosperity. It is an important tourist city and open city in the Central Plains.

Geographical location

The Kaifeng boundary is 113°51′51′′—115°15′42′′ east longitude and 34°11′43′′-35°11′43′′ north latitude. Located in the east of central Henan Province, it is the tip of the alluvial fan plain of the Yellow River. It is bordered by Shangqiu area in the east, Zhengzhou City, the capital of Lian Province in the west, Xuchang City and Zhoukou area in the south, and the Yellow River in the north, across the river from Zhongyuan oilfield. The total area is 6444 square kilometers, of which the urban area is 362 square kilometers, of which the urban area is 359 square kilometers. It is about 92 kilometers wide from north to south and 126 kilometers long from east to west. 500 kilometers from Lianyungang, a port city at the eastern end of the Eurasian Continental Bridge in the east and 72 kilometers from Zhengzhou, the provincial capital, in the west, is located in the center of the Great Plains of eastern Henan on China.

The origin of "opening"

Kaifeng is a famous cultural city with a long history. Kaifeng, located in the hinterland of the Central Plains and on the shore of the Yellow River, is one of the main birthplaces of the Chinese nation and has a history of more than 2,700 years. During the Spring and Autumn Period, Zheng Zhuanggong built a grain warehouse city here and named it "Qifeng", taking the meaning of "Qifeng Xinjiang". Later, he avoided the taboo of Liu Qizhi, Emperor Jing of the Han Dynasty and changed his name to Kaifeng. Wei in the Warring States Period, Later Liang, Later Jin, Later Han, Later Zhou in the Five Dynasties, Northern Song and Jin were all settled here, known as the "Metropolis of the Seven Dynasties". Especially during the Northern Song Dynasty, from Chenqiao's mutiny to the southern Song Dynasty, after 168 years of the Nine Emperors, "the population is more than one million, and the goods are gathered in the north and south". It was the political, economic and cultural center of the country at that time, and was also an international metropolis, with the beauty of "Qishu Mingxia Five Phoenix Tower, Yimen since ancient emperors" and "Bianjing is not rich in the world". Honor. The "On the River during the Qingming Festival" by Zhang Zeduan, a painter of the Northern Song Dynasty, and Meng Yuanlao's "Tokyo Dream Record" vividly depict the prosperous scene of the ancient capital Kaifeng at that time. During this period, a large number of historical figures with important influence emerged, such as the honest and honest Bao Gong, the loyal generals of the Yang family, the national hero Yue Fei, and Wang Anshi, who changed the law, which had a significant impact on the development of Chinese history. Kaifeng was renamed from Kaifeng. During the Spring and Autumn Period, there were many princes and countries competed for glory. At that time, the ancient village was the northeastern border of Zheng. Zheng Zhuanggong, the winged "little bully" for strategic needs, ordered the general Zheng Wei to station troops here to build a city and take the name of "Qifeng". Emperor Jing of the Western Han Dynasty ascended the throne. Because he avoided Liu Qi, Emperor Jing, he changed "Kie" to "Open", and Kaifeng was also renamed Kaifeng

Administrative divisions

As of December 31, 2005, Kaifeng has 5 municipal districts and 5 counties under its jurisdiction; there are 24 streets, 34 towns and 55 townships in the city. Kaifeng City covers an area of 6247 square kilometers and has a population of 4.8 million (2004).

Gulou District covers an area of 58 square kilometers and has a population of 150,000. Postal code 475000.

Longting District covers an area of 148 square kilometers and has a population of 160,000. Postal code: 475100.

Shunhe Hui District covers an area of 88 square kilometers and has a population of 260,000. Postal code 475000.

Yuwangtai District covers an area of 56 square kilometers and has a population of 120,000. Postal code 475003.

Jinming District covers an area of 197 square kilometers and has a population of 160,000. Postal code 475002.

Qi County covers an area of 1258 square kilometers and has a population of 1.05 million. Postal code 475200. The county people's government is located in Chengguan Town.

Tongxu County covers an area of 767 square kilometers and has a population of 600,000. Postal code: 475400. The county people's government is located in Chengguan Town.

Weishi County covers an area of 1257 square kilometers and has a population of 870,000. Postal code 475500. The county people's government is located in Chengguan Town.

Kaifeng County covers an area of 1302 square kilometers and has a population of 670,000. Postal code: 475100. The county people's government is located in Chengguan Town.

Lankao County covers an area of 1116 square kilometers and has a population of 760,000. Postal code 475300. The county people's government is located in Chengguan Town.

Gulou District covers an area of 58.68 square kilometers and has a population of 161 million. Postal code 475000.

Longting District covers an area of 91.51 square kilometers and has a population of 116,000. Postal code: 475100.

Shunhe Hui District covers an area of 86.73 square kilometers and has a population of 241 million. Postal code 475000.

Yuwangtai District covers an area of 57.05 square kilometers and has a population of 148,300. Postal code 475003.

Jinming District covers an area of 252.38 square kilometers and has a population of 182,000. Postal code 475002.

History

Kaifeng has a long history. According to archaeological excavations, there were ancestors' activities here as early as the Neolithic Age. The founding of the city can be traced back to Xia, Shang and Zhou, which has been more than 2,700 years ago. During the Spring and Autumn Period, in order to expand to the Central Plains, Zheng Zhuang built a city near the ancient city of Zhuxian Town in the south of today's Kaifeng City, named Qifeng, taking the meaning of "expanding the frontier". Today, Kaifeng City was Yiyi during the Spring and Autumn Period and Daliang during the Warring States Period. Today's Kaifeng City evolved from the land of Daliang and the name of Kaifeng. Kaifeng is known as the ancient capital of the Seven Dynasties. Wei during the Warring States Period, Later Liang, Later Jin, Later Han, Later Zhou, Later Zhou, Northern Song and Jin in the Five Dynasties period all built capitals here. Especially in the Northern Song Dynasty, which experienced 168 years of the nine emperors, it reached prosperity and prosperity, with beautiful scenery, magnificent people, magnificent cities, developed economy, and a population of more than one million. It was not only the center of the country's politics, economy and culture, but also one of the most prosperous metropolises in the world at that time. History books once described the grandeur of foreign relations in Tokyo in the Northern Song Dynasty at that time. Since the Yuan Dynasty, Kaifeng has been ruled by the Central Plains Province. During the Republic of China, it was the capital of Henan Province.

In June 1948, the Chinese-national-people-people-dissolved-army captured Kaifeng for the first time and immediately withdrew due to strategic needs. Kaifeng was liberated again on October 24 of the same year. Since then, this famous historical and cultural city has returned to the embrace of the people. In October 1954, the capital of Henan Province was moved from Kaifeng to Zhengzhou, and Kaifeng has been changed to a provincial municipality.

Kkaifeng climate

Kaifeng has a warm temperate continental monsoon climate with four distinct seasons, sufficient light, mild climate and moderate rainfall. The average annual temperature is 14℃, the average annual rainfall is 670 mm, and the forest coverage rate is higher than the national average.

Natural resources

The total land area of Kaifeng City is 628,240.26 hectares, of which 434,732.14 hectares are arable, accounting for 69.20% of the total land area; 10,456.84 hectares, accounting for 1.66%; and 24,026.26 hectares of forest land, accounting for 3. 82%; 83,750.85 hectares of residential and industrial and mining land, accounting for 13.33%; 17,822.06 hectares of transportation land, accounting for 2.84%; 46,964.21 hectares of water, 7.48%; 10,487.90 hectares of unused land, accounting for 1.67%.

The underground resources under the jurisdiction of Kaifeng have been proven to include oil and natural gas. The total oil production is expected to be 560 million tons and the natural gas reserves are 48.5 billion cubic meters, which have been widely exploited and utilized. Coal resources are buried deeply, and the predicted reliable reserves are 7.79 billion tons. In addition, there are rich limestone, rock salt, gypsum and other mineral deposits. Water resources in Kaifeng City mainly include surface water and shallow groundwater, with an average of 835 million cubic meters (excluding transit water) over the years. Among them, 351 million cubic meters of surface water, accounting for 42% of the total resources, and 484 million cubic meters of groundwater (allowed mining), accounting for 58% of the total resources.

Geological landforms

Kaifeng City is located in the eastern plain of Henan, the southern wing of the large alluvial fan in the lower reaches of the Yellow River. 69 meters to 78 meters above sea level. The terrain here is flat, the soil layer is deep, the soil quality is good, and the structure is stable, which is conducive to the cultivation of various crops and cash crops. The forest coverage rate is higher than the national average. Kaifeng belongs to the alluvial plain of the Yellow River. The fourth series of new strata are formed because of the alluvials of the Yellow River. The vertical distribution of the strata is:

a, light brown and yellow powder sand, depth about 4.2m, foundation bearing capacity 110KPa;

b, light brown and yellow clay, with a depth of about 2.5m, and the bearing capacity of the foundation is 130KPa;

c, light brown powder fine sand, with an average thickness of about 1.5m, and the allowable bearing capacity of the foundation is 100KPa;

d, light yellow sand soil, with a thickness of about 10m and a foundation bearing capacity of 100KPa.

Traffic conditions

Kaifeng is located in the Central Plains with convenient transportation. The Longhai Railway connecting the "Eurasian Continental Bridge" passes through the city. The Beijing-Guangzhou Railway and the Beijing-Kowloon Railway are adjacent. National Highway 106 from Beijing to Guangzhou and National Highway 310 from Tianshui to Lianyungang meet here. Kai (Feng) Luo (Luo) and Kai (Feng) Shang (Qiu) Expressway In order to cross the golden channel across Henan, the Yellow River Highway Bridge has turned the sky into a smooth road, and the city's highway density is higher than the national and provincial average. Kaifeng is 580 kilometers north of Beijing and 530 kilometers east to Lianyungang, and the Zheng Bianluo Expressway is more than 50 kilometers away from Zhengzhou International Airport and Zhengzhou Customs. Kaifeng's superior geographical location makes it a hub city from north to south and west to east. At the same time, it is also a central city with east-way east-west opening along the Eurasian continental bridge, with broad prospects for developing foreign economic and technological cooperation and large-scale economic development.

Tourism resources

Kaifeng is a key sightseeing city in the Central Plains tourist area, and there is a history of "one Jiangsu, two Hangzhou and three Bianzhou". The ancients' poems such as "Qishu Mingxia Wufeng Tower, Yimen since the ancient emperor's state" and "Bianjing is rich and beautiful in the world" vividly depict the luxurious prosperity of the ancient capital Kaifeng. Especially in the Northern Song Dynasty, with the favorable conditions of Bianshui and water transportation, Kaifeng was further developed, with a population of millions, becoming the center of the country's politics, economy and culture, and one of the most prosperous cities in the world at that time. The long history and splendid ancient culture have left many cultural relics and scenic spots in Kaifeng. At present, there are 184 cultural relics protection units at all levels in the city, including 5 at the national level, 17 at the provincial level, 26 at the municipal level and 136 at the county level. Here, the Millennium Tower and Fan Tower stand tall. The Long Pavilion built on the ruins of the Forbidden City of Song and Jin is magnificent. The wall built in the Ming Dynasty is full of historical sites. Taoist architecture has a unique style of Yanqing. Kaifeng's oldest scenic spot blowing platform is simple and elegant. The Shanshan Gansu Hall, famous for its sculpture art, is exquisite and clear, as well as the famous Central Plains. The ancient temple Xiangguo Temple is magnificent and beautiful. Kaifeng is also a famous "northern water city" in China. The water surface area accounts for 1/4 of the urban area. Pan and Yang Er Lake at the foot of Longting and Baogong Lake on both sides of Yingbin Avenue are like four huge jaspers embedded in the ancient city, which is pleasing to the eyes. In recent years, Kaifeng City has been committed to the development of tourism, and has renovated and built many historical and cultural landscapes, such as "Qingming Shanghe Garden", "Baogong Temple", "Songdu Royal Street", "Tianbo Yangfu", "Hanyuan Monument Forest" and so on. Numerous scenic spots and historical sites, unique historical and cultural resources, and well-known folk culture at home and abroad, attract a large number of Chinese and foreign tourists to visit Kaifeng every year.

Folk temple fair, lantern fair, bird market, **, night market, kite, cockfighting, drum

Higher education

Henan University, Kaifeng University, Yellow River Water Conservancy Vocational and Technical College

Special snacks

Small steamed soup buns, steamed buns on the first floor, Ma Yuxing "barrel chicken", three fresh lotus crisp, five-spice rabbit meat

Open the set of four treasures, carp baked noodles, **hot pot, Dajing dates, braised noodles, double hemp roast

Middle wings of sesame wings, mashed sweet potatoes, peanut cake

Zheng Bian Integration

In 2003, in order to realize the grand goal of building a moderately prosperous society and the rise of the Central Plains, the Henan Provincial Party Committee and Provincial Government formulated the Outline of Planning for Building a Well-off Society in an All-round way in Henan Province, and made strategic decisions to implement the strategy driven by regional central cities, accelerate the development of the Central Plains urban agglomeration, and realize the rise of the Central Plains, and With Zhengzhou as the center, 9 provincial cities in the economic circle of Kaifeng, Luoyang, Xinxiang, Jiaozuo, Xuchang, Pingdingshan, Luohe and Jiyuan will form the Central Plains urban agglomeration.

On April 17, 2005, Henan Provincial Development and Reform Commission, entrusted by the provincial party committee and the provincial government, held a symposium on the planning of the Central Plains urban agglomeration Kaifeng in Zhengzhou New Century Building. At this symposium, the concept of "integration" was mentioned twice in the Central Plains urban agglomeration planning. The plan describes, "In the overall plan of the Central Plains urban agglomeration, Kaifeng should be regarded as a functional city in Zhengzhou metropolitan area, and some educational functions in Zhengzhou should be gradually transferred to Kaifeng. Higher education land should no longer be added in Zhengzhou, so that Kaifeng should become an educational base in Zhengzhou metropolitan area and achieve integrated development. The center of Kaifeng is 72 kilometers away from the center of Zhengzhou, and the boundaries of the two cities are less than 40 kilometers apart. It belongs to the 45-minute commuter circle. Under the polarization effect of Zhengzhou, a large number of factors flow to Zhengzhou. If this situation is not changed in time, the development of Kaifeng will be seriously restricted. Therefore, Kaifeng should start from its own advantages, promote its own strengths and avoid its weaknesses. While developing its own advantageous industries, it should change the passive situation of current development, and promote the development of Kaifeng through economic integration with Zhengzhou and attracting and using various elements of Zhengzhou.

"Zheng Bian Integration" was officially proposed by the government.

In October 2006, the two telecommunications in Kaifeng, Zhengzhou cancelled or reduced long-distance charges at the same price.

On November 19, 2006, Zheng Bian City Expressway - Zheng Kai Avenue was opened to traffic. A