postscript
The Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period was a childhood in Chinese history. What is written in Spring and Autumn of the World took place from 481 to 4 BC
Between 73, this period was a turning point in Chinese history, which is generally called by historians as the friendship of the Spring and Autumn Warring States Period, that is, Spring
At the end of autumn and the beginning of the Warring States Period, this book only wrote about eight years, but it represents the whole period at the turn of the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, and this period
period is generally regarded as the period when China entered feudal society from slave society.
Historical Records · Chronology of the Six Kingdoms began in 476 BC. Academic circles mostly adopted Guo Moruo's division, which will be 476 BC
It is the end of slavery. Before (including that year) 294 was the Spring and Autumn Period, and 475 BC was the beginning of feudalism
point, began to enter the Warring States period.
Of course, there are many theories about when China's feudal system began, including Western Zhou, Chunqiu, Warring States, Qin unification,
The Eastern Han Dynasty and the Wei and Jin Dynasties said that the Warring States mentioned above are relatively popular academic views. About which year the Warring States Period began, academic
There are different theories in the world. In addition to dividing by the first year of the Historical Records · Chronology of the Six Kingdoms, there are also 48 BC
written from the Spring and Autumn Period.In the past year, it has been divided into the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period.
However, different views in academic circles do not affect the writing of this book. Although this book uses popular literary writing, it is written
Historical facts are mostly found in history books, and its society* is also the author's research and understanding of the society at that time. This
time" refers to the turn of the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, which is represented by the story of this book.
I originally wanted to write a serious historical novel. In view of the fact that there are too few historical materials and the academic community's research on the pre-Qin Dynasty is often controversial, if
In the historical style, it is inevitably restrained and stiff, so I have to write "Spring and Autumn" as a historical legendary novel in an attempt to reflect the time
Politics, economy, military and people's lives and social development.
Although many martial arts novels are used in the book, it is definitely not a martial arts novel, because the novel depicts national events
The main writing is that although there are all kinds of wars and fights, there is no "hero" meaning.
In order to facilitate readers' easy understanding of the social environment and folk customs in the book, the following is a reference to the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period
A brief description of the historical environment.
I. Social environment and customs at the turn of the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period
1. Social personnel structure
The social class in the Spring and Autumn Period was divided into nobles and non-nobles. Nobles included princes, ministers, doctors and scholars, often known as "gentlemen",
"laborers" and "meat-eaters", non-noble people and slaves, are known as "little people", "laborers" and "carnivorers".
Zhou Li Zaishi Zheng Zhu quoted Sima Fa: "The kingdom is a hundred miles for the suburbs, 200 miles for the state, 300 miles for the wilderness", the capital
and the suburbs are called "country", so there are also sayings of "national people" and "wild people". "Nationals" are low-class nobles and live on the outskirts of the city; "savages" are farmers
The farmers in the village are "common people", also known as "common people"; the border is called "despicable", and their residents are often called "despicable people" and belong to "common people";
The "household of industry and commerce" is also a "commoner" and lives in the city; the "state soldier" of the State of Jin is to recognize the Chinese and the wild people of the "country" (urban suburbs) and the "wild"
After the privately reclaimed fields in the "state" are legal ("as a field"), the Chinese and savages in the "state" are allowed to bear the military burden.
1 slave
Slaves are generally known as "concubines", or "reservant concubines", "concubines", such as soap, public opinion, official, bureaucrats, servants, Taiwan, herdsmen, and
hun, Sigong, temple people, vertical, slaves, maidservants, chong, chieftains, apprentices, Xu Mi and so on. However, this refers to its identity,
is also distinguished from its responsibilities, so it is not easy to distinguish in detail.
There are many controversies in academia about the names and identities of these people. I don't think these "concubines" are all real slaves
Li, some of their identities and responsibilities include those who serve in the government and noble families, some are servants, some are sinners, and some
Captives, it is difficult to distinguish them carefully. In terms of its responsibilities, it is generally political affairs and life, soap, official, public opinion, Yan, Sigong,
Temple people are mainly serving political affairs and appear more in public; xi, shepherds, vertical, slaves, maidservants, apprentices, etc. are mainly for life
Serving is the main service, generally in the government or noble families, with a strong personal nature; officials, bureaucrats, servants, Taiwan, panting, chieftains, Xu Mi, etc. are sinners,
Prisoners or prisoners serve as slavery. In addition, there are also excellent people, teachers and other people who perform entertainment and music. Their status and common people are not
Same, it is different from the above-mentioned slaves, but I think they are also slaves.
Because these "concubines" have a close relationship with their masters, they are often called "concubines" who are most favored by their masters, so their status
The role is different. During the Spring and Autumn Period, many people have influenced or participated in many political affairs. According to historical books, these people
activities can be guessed that these slaves should have their families and friends, and their status can be avoided if they make contributions. If they have committed it, they will be demoted. Absolutely not
Like the slaves in ancient Rome, there was no personal freedom, so Shi Kuang said to the Marquis of Jin, "All of them have intimacy."
Wu Shen, the ancestor of Wu Feng, the protagonist of the novel, was the "man" of King Zhuang of Chu, which was decisive for the Battle of Jin and Chu in 597 BC
Impact, since then, Wu has been listed among the doctors, and the status of the people is very low, so after this war, the State of Chu ordered Uncle Yin and Sun
Ao said, "The great achievement of winning Jin came from the people, and I am ashamed to die!"
He is a slave who raises horses, and his status is still under the "Taiwan". There is a woman in the State of Lu who once flirted with the daughter of the doctor Liang, and Liang's daughter is the son
like lover, like a prince, scolding people. In 662 BC, people assassinated the new prince, resulting in
Qingfu's Rebellion; Bai Gongsheng's rebellion in the State of Chu is written in the novel. Bai Gongsheng trapped King Hui of Chu in Gaofu, and there is a man named Gongyang on the wall
It is historical to dig a hole and escape the king of Chu Hui on his back.
Vertical is a slave in charge of hiding, a person like a child servant. The vertical cow of the State of Lu is the illegitimate son of uncle and grandson Muzi, and once participated in the uncle and grandson
Big events at home; the vertical whiskers around Duke Wen of Jin once stole the things he kept when Duke Wen of Jin were in exile; the Hun of Wei in the novel
The good husband was also "vertical", but he became the main character who welcomed Wei Zhuanggong; Wu Ao in the novel was also "vertical", but later became
An important minister in Wu Feng's family can be tied with Ran Yong, a disciple of Confucius.
Yang is the slave of the division. When the Wu people attacked Yue, they once caught a man named Yan, so they called him a prisoner. The king of Wu Yu sacrificed him as "hun" and guarded
Yuhuang's boat, in 531 BC, captured and killed Yuqi while watching the boat.
The temple people are similar to later eunuchs, also known as "Empians". They are castrated men. Most of them serve the monarch and
The living of his wife's concubine (there are also a small number of them in the doctor's house). There is a favorite man standing mink (vertically tricky) beside Duke Huan of Qi, in order to get close
In the inner court, he castrated himself into the palace, so he was more favored by Duke Huan of Qi, so some history books also called him "temple mink" and "temple mink".
In the Spring and Autumn Period, the temple people often behaved in state affairs. Diao and Yi Ya, the temple people of the State of Qi, stirred up the political situation after the death of Duke Huan of Qi; the temple people of the State of Jin
Bang was ordered by Duke Xian of Jin to kill his son Chong'er (later Duke Wen of Jin). Later, he asked for a meeting after Duke Wen of Jin became king and attacked in the Jin army
Cao Shi died in battle; there are also records such as "temple fee", "temple man shawl" and "temple willow" in the historical books. Qu Gong, Qi Gongyang, Yu Ding Dao in the novel
They are all such temple people.
During the year when the story of this book happened, slaves did not have much influence on political affairs, but their status changed slightly with political affairs
Promotion, for example, Bao Xing gradually changed from "Shu" to "Vertical", and later became "Shi" and became an increasingly important family minister around Wu Feng; Bao Ning gradually changed from "Zhu"
He jumped to become a family minister and guarded one pass.
2 common people
Among them, the common people can be called "people" and "Li people", which are divided into two categories. One is the peasants living in the countryside, called "commoners" and the other
category is industry and commerce, living in the city with nobles.
In the Spring and Autumn Period, ordinary people basically played little role in political affairs. However, during the years when the story of this book happened, the identity of the common people
is rising, and the main performance is two points:
First, big businessmen appeared in industry and commerce and began to have an impact on political affairs, such as the end of Mrs. Qing and Confucius' disciples in the novel
Muci (Zigong).
Second, the common people gradually entered the war and could even hold official positions because of their military achievements.
At the beginning of the war in the Spring and Autumn Period, it was the exclusive privilege of the nobles. Generals and soldiers were held by the nobles, and the common people could not participate.
There is no exact historical record of when the common people began to have the right to join the army. I think that when Jin was a "state soldier" in 645 BC,
Since the common people assume military endowments, they may begin to participate in the war. At least in 632 BC, Duke Wen of Jin added "three lines" (step pawn)
, these pawns should already have common people. In 493 BC, when Zhao Yang (Zhao Jianzi) attacked Fan and Qi Zheng's soldiers, he vowed to "conter
The enemy, the upper doctor receives the county, the lower doctor receives the county, the Shitian 100,000, the common people, workers, merchants, and ministers are exempted. It can be seen that the common people have been exempted from
The army is a soldier. "So" means "official advance", which means to hold an official position. From Zhao Yang's oath, it can be seen that ordinary people can serve because of military merit
Official position (public position).
In the year of the story of this book, it is not uncommon for ordinary people to hold public office or follow noble ministers, but these people have actually
Entered the "shi" industry.
3 taxi
The scholar class is one of the most distinctive classes in Chinese society, and it is also the largest variable and motivation in Chinese history.
Most of the major political changes throughout the Warring States period were caused by scholars.
Scholars should have been born with the differentiation of the countryside and the national field. Early scholars were probably people with official positions and most of them were military positions. War
In the country, the political role of literati gradually increased, so later, scholars became the pronouns of literati.
There should be three types of taxis in the Spring and Autumn Period, one is the non-reliant descendants of Dr. Qing, and the other is the ministers and
Samurai, three are a small part of the Chinese people on the outskirts of the city. They don't have a fief, no "home" or "house" like Dr. Qing, and they are free
People, so they rely a lot on official positions
In terms of political affairs, the Spring and Autumn Period was the "society of doctors" and the "sergeant" was a low-level aristocracy; the Warring States Period was a "society of scholars" and "sage"
is the head of the four people, so there is a saying of "bu yi qing xiang".
At the turn of the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, that is, during the year when the story of this book happened, the scholar has changed a lot, and some of them are attached to the noble families
chens and warriors play an increasingly important role in the political arena, and another part of scholars have changed from "nationals" to landlords of all sizes
Commoners have become representatives of the small peasant economy. Another change is that scholars have gradually changed from martial arts to civilian, and Confucius and his disciples are the most
A notable example, and since the late spring and autumn, there have been no-job tourists.
Scholars can not only hold public positions, but also serve as ministers and warriors in the family of doctors. Ordinary people cannot serve without war achievements. Spring
In the late autumn, it is easy to rise as ministers and warriors in noble families. At the turn of the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the status of scribes began to rise sharply. Novel
Zhao Yue and Meng Lie inare professional taxis, and Ping Qi recruits non-job taxis.
Most of the Spring and Autumn Period, the most popular among the scholars are the warriors, such as the special staff who stabbed Wu Wang Liao with a fish intestine sword
In the late spring and autumn, the role of ministers became more and more prominent, such as Nan Kui, Yanghu and others in the State of Lu, and the literature in the middle of scholars
Shi is becoming more and more important.
At this time, it is still difficult for a scholar to become aristocrats. The hierarchy of all classes is still very strict, and scholars can really become aristocrats (no
The same as the hereditary doctor) was after Wei Wenhou created the "cloth emperor", which was already in the Warring States period.
The description of soldiers in this book tries to reflect the changes of soldiers at the turn of the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. Although the novel is dominated by martial arts,
However, the scholars with higher status and greater roles in Wu Feng's family are all scribes, such as Ran Yong, Wu Zhou and others, Gongyechang, Mo Ai and others
Although he also learns martial arts, he is still a civilian in the novel.
Wu Ao changed from a warrior to a scribe, which can best show the transformation from martial arts to civilian in the Spring and Autumn Warring States Period.
Ping Qi and Zhaolai are all jobless scholars. Zhao Yue, Meng Lie and Zhaolai abandoned their public office and made Wu Feng's family as family ministers. They are smart
, because it is difficult for a taxi to be promoted in public office at this time. Wu Zhou is only a pete official, but he can also be in Ran Yong, Xuan Tu Ling and
It is rare for Wu Ao and others to become important ministers from ordinary people to important people.
Wu Feng in the novel is a very successful person. In addition to his own bravery, wisdom and power change, he reuses each
All kinds of talents are also very important, such as Gongyang and Dingdao, which were even regarded as insignificant by society at that time
Wu Feng, awoman, can also reuse his expertise in various ways, which is one of the important factors for his success.
4 Dr.
Most of the nobles dominated by Dr. Qing are hereditary (there are also hereditary scholars) and are the main factors in political affairs in the Spring and Autumn Period. They do not
There is only Caiyi, as well as ministers and soldiers, who have a private ruling relationship with the people in the Caiyi. The calendar of Dr. Qing's family
History is not only closely related to the political development of the host country, but also runs through the beginning and end.
During the Spring and Autumn Period, there were also many changes. At first, it was the children of the prince's office that affected political affairs, and then gradually became non-public
The hereditary family of the room is the main. In the late Spring and Autumn Period, many regimes of various countries have flowed into the hands of doctors, the six ministers of the State of Jin and the State of Qi
's Tian (Chen) and Lu's Sanhuan are prominent examples. In the Warring States Period, Zhao, Wei and Han were divided into Jin, and the Tian family replaced Qi.
is the result of Dr. Qing's dictatorship.
On the one hand, the doctor threatened the office, and on the other hand, a large number of doctors were eliminated, and the descendants became scholars and even common people.
This is the result of the struggle for power and profit among the countries.
The Wu family began with Wu Shen and passed on three generations of nobles in the State of Chu, but the Wu family perished, and Wu Zixu fled to Wu with his son Sheng
The country "cultivated in contempt" and later became the prime minister and restored his aristocratic status. Before his death, he brought his son to the State of Qi and entrusted it to the Bao family.
The son is not as good as being killed, and he doesn't have to "cultivise" and still retain his aristocratic status. This son is the protagonist of the novel
sealed; the Fan and Zhonghang clans of the State of Jin were exiled to the State of Qi, and their descendants "cultivated in Qi" and became commoners; among the many nobles of the State of Jin,
Most of them were defeated, and the descendants of the Luan clan, the Hu clan and other clan became common people, and some even used people as "soap" (guardian).
In the novel, Bai Gongsheng became a "shi" (according to history, he was defeated and killed himself), the Guo family, the Gao family was defeated and destroyed, and the Yan family had no heirs,
After the fall of the Bao family and the destruction of Wu, all the nobles of the State of Wu lost their aristocratic status, and the Tian family of the State of Qi cut off the territory and made the fief beyond the Duke of Qi Ping's own command
and so on all show this change of Dr. Qing. Wu Feng's trip to the sea also symbolizes the beginning of the extinction of the family system in the Spring and Autumn Period.
There is another point to explain. Due to the vast land and sparsely populated period in the Spring and Autumn Period, Dr. Qing's harvest is very large, otherwise it will not
There will be three things such as Jin and Tian's generation. In the Spring and Autumn Period, the fiefdom used to be dominated by the land, and the fiefdom of the Warring States Period was dominated by cities.
Sometimes it is mainly based on fields. In the previous Zhao Yang's oath, he made military achievements. The upper doctor can get a county, and the lower doctor can get a place
In the land of the county, scholars can get 100,000 (thousands of hectares) of land, which can be seen.
In the Warring States Period, because of the prominent role of scholars, there were more "clothing ministers", and the number of officials increased, and the fiefdom was often given by the number of households, so
Meng Changjun only had thousands of families in Xuedi, and later only increased by a thousand families. He raised thousands of people and spent too much, so he was forced to lend usury. This
Naturally, it is not as big as the picking area in the Spring and Autumn Period, but it may not be as rich as the aristocrats with huge cities in the Spring and Autumn Period, because of the Warring States
The economy inperiod developed much more than in Spring and Autumn.
However, there were few people in the Spring and Autumn Period. There may not be more than 100,000 households in Laiyi, which began with Wu Feng. Press
At that time, it was difficult to feed hundreds of thousands of people in hundreds of miles of production, although he had the benefit of fishing salt and was not like other places
Same, but this is a novel description, so you don't need to delve into it.
There is another data that must be paid attention to, that is, the "hundred miles" or "square hundred miles" mentioned at that time is by no means the current "100 square meters
Fangli", regardless of the length of the Li system, at that time, "hundred miles" refers to four hundred miles, similar to the algorithm of 10,000 square miles, "ten
is similar to 100 square miles. Therefore, there are one hundred miles. The novel says that the State of Qi was about 1,300 miles at that time
The land refers to 1202 "hundred miles", so Wufeng's fief occupies only a little more than one twentieth of the territory of the State of Qi. Modern
If people don't understand this data, they may mistakenly think that Wufeng's fief occupies less than half of the state of Qi.
2. Rites and music system
In the Spring and Autumn Period, people took the Zhou Dynasty as their patriarch, respected etiquette and trust, went to funerals, and wrote poems at banquets, but they did not pay attention to it in the Warring States Period, even Mencius
Not to mention Zhou Shi.
Of course, the changes in the whole etiquette system did not occur in a year or two. During the year of the story of this book, we have seen this
Change.
Although the social class has changed very little at this time, the aristocratic etiquette system of the Zhou Dynasty has gradually faded, and this change is in the protagonist of this book
The performance around Feng is very obvious. Although his big gift is not destroyed, the small gift is not very fastidious. I think the gradual death of Zhou Li in the Warring States Period should be
It started in late spring and autumn.
3, farmland system
For most of the Spring and Autumn period, the farmland system of various countries was still the "national" and "wild" opposing system and the "well field system", which was carried out by the primitive society
The end of the village community system came. Whether it is a Chinese or a savage, it is a method of giving land to five people by one husband and one hundred mu. 100 mu index
is a private field, which is used to support farmers. In addition, there are public fields, also known as "land fields". Tanaka's production is handed over to the nobles, because there are good fields and
The division of evil fields needs to be changed every three years, which is the "well field system". Because the population of the countries in the late Spring and Autumn period is only more than 10 million, the land is vast
With few people, this method of giving land has caused a large number of wasteland.
Because farmers lack enthusiasm for public land, coupled with their own land outside 100 mu of private land, private land outside the well field
continues to increase, and this kind of private field is different from the private field mentioned by the well-field system. Therefore, the well-field system gradually disintegrated. 645 BC,
Jin took the lead in recognizing the legality of land reclamation outside the well field, which was the beginning of the privatization of the land. After that, the private field in the Ida system also began
Privatization begins with "nationals" and then extends to "savages".
At this time, most of the "nationals" in various countries have become small farmers with private arable land. However, at this time, the "wild people" in the vast rural areas are large
Some have not yet become small farmers.
In 594 BC, the State of Lu began to collect rent according to the amount of mu of land. Some scholars believe that this is a Chinese feudal society
The beginning of.
During the year of the story of this book, it has become very common to collect rents according to fields, so Wu Feng did something similar when he was in Laiyi
's behavior.
This change in the farmland system is crucial in the whole historical process of Chinese society.
Speaking about farming, the vigorous development of China's farming technology was mainly in the Warring States period, because the farming tools in the Warring States period were generally
is already made of iron, and cattle farming is also relatively common, and many places are already cooked twice a year.
In the Spring and Autumn Period, there were a small number of iron agricultural tools, and only a few areas were cooked twice a year.
4, War
The war between the countries in the Spring and Autumn Period was generally a position of hegemony, not for the main purpose of annexation of land. During the Warring States Period, it was a pure war
The essence is to compete for land and even annex other countries.
In the Spring and Autumn Period, the number of troops in various countries was small, and there were only 800 troops in Duke Huan of Qi, a total of 30,000. In the late Spring and Autumn Period, due to the county
With the implementation of thesystem, the number of troops has suddenly increased, and Jin and Chu have used more than 4,000 troops.
During the year of this book's story, the number of troops used in the war was much less than later. For example, the troops used in the destruction of the State of Yue and Wu were afraid
No more than 100,000 people. As for Dr. Qing's soldiers, thousands of people are used more. Bai Gongsheng's rebellion actually only used more than 1,000
People. Because of the small number of soldiers, the success or failure of the war at this time has a lot to do with the bravery of the generals, from which you can see the real individual
Heroism.
At this time, one of the changes in war is that the art of war is becoming more and more important. Car battles in spring and autumn are often in the wilderness
, use the car array against the car array, fight against each other, and the winner will be determined in a day or two. The subsequent war lasted for several months and years, and the two sides invested
The use of soldiers and cavalry has a lot to do with the use of military tactics. Cao Yu talked about the killing of soldiers during the war by morale, and later drove from Sun Wu
At the beginning, tricks often become the key to victory or defeat. Wu Feng can win every battle in this book not only because of his bravery,
Soldiers have a strong fighting spirit, and more importantly, they are good at using military tactics and tricks. As he said, the word "cheating people"
5, iron products and weapons
In the late spring and autumn, in addition to the bronze industry, the iron smelting industry also made a lot of progress at this time, at least at this time, "iron" and "cast iron
casting" is technically mature. Therefore, Ran Yong, a disciple of Confucius, also strongly advocates iron farm tools in his novels.
Cast iron softening technology is also mentioned in this book, but this technology should have been available in the Warring States Period. This book wrote this technology early
Come out.
At this moment, steelmaking technology has also been invented. At this time, there are two kinds of steelmaking technology, one is carburizing steel technology, as mentioned in the book
The sword cast by Tangxi is this type of steel sword; there is also a solid carburizing steel technology, that is, using "iron essence" (texture
More refined cooked iron blocks), "Jin Ying" (carburizing agent with more carbon), "broken hair and claws" are mysterious, but in fact, it contains phosphorous hair
Nail is a catalyst, so that carbon penetrates into iron, and "gold iron is wet". Chu Yueer's "Yingyue" sword in this book is this kind of steel
Sword. Wu Feng's "Tianzhao" sword should also be this kind of steel sword, but his sword contains a lot of meteorite iron, which is different.
It is not fictional to use meteorite iron tools. There are such meteorite iron products in unearthed cultural relics. It is difficult to judge how useful they are, because they are different
The texture of meteorite iron is different. However, Wu Feng's "Tianzhao" epee in the novel is a great metal weapon, which is rare than at that time
The steel sword I saw is even more powerful.
The weapons in the Spring and Autumn Period were mainly bronze products, and iron was gradually adopted during the Warring States period, which refers to the general armament. In fact, in spring
In the autumn, iron and steel weapons were available, of course, only used by a few people.
In spring and autumn, armor is mainly leather. In the Warring States Period, there was iron armor, but in the late Spring and Autumn period, there are more and more iron weapons, and there should also be iron armor
or bronze armor appeared, but it has not been seen in the unearthed cultural relics, so there are also a small amount of bronze armor and iron armor in this book.
The crossbow should have been invented in the late spring and autumn. Wu Yue Chunqiu records that Chen Yin told Goujian, the king of Yue, that the crossbow was invented by Chu Guoqin.
The three marquis of the State of Chu was passed on to King Ling of Chu. However, I don't think the crossbow was born so early. The weapons mentioned in Sun Tzu's Art of War often
"bow." Mozi·Non-Attack Middle Chapter mentions weapons in the army, and there is no crossbow in it. Since this is a work in the early Warring States Period,
In the early Warring States Period, the crossbow was not used in the Central Plains countries, but only in Chu, Wu and Yue.
6, male and female customs
Although women do not have any political rights in the Spring and Autumn Period, in some aspects, unlike Song, women's rights have fallen to the lowest point
It happened after the emergence of scholars in the Song Dynasty.
Women in the Spring and Autumn Period are allowed to remarry, such as Dr. Wanghou and civilians.
Cai Mugong married his sister Cai Ji to Duke Huan of Qi. Cai Ji was not happy and sent back to Cai Guo. Cai Mugong married Cai Ji to Chu
King, led Duke Huan of Qi to lead the army of eight countries to attack Cai and attack Chu, almost a war; Xia Ji, the daughter of Duke Mu of Zheng, married Uncle Xia first and had a son
Xia Zhengshu, Xia Yushu remarried Xiang Lao after his death, and later married Wuchen, which not only caused the rebellion of the State of Chen, but also led to the king of Chu Zhuang
Chen and Wuchen taught Wu Renche Zhan, Wu Shiqiang and other historical changes; Jia Jun was originally the sister-in-law of Duke Hui of Jin, and Duke Hui of Jin succeeded to the throne
However, he married her; Duke Mu of Qin had a daughter named Huai Ying. He first married the prince, the son of Duke Hui of Jin. The prince was originally a hostage in the State of Qin, and later fled
Returning to Jin, Duke Mu of Qin married Huai Ying's own uncle Chong Er (Jin Wengong).
These examples are not rare. It can be seen in history books, and the monarch is the same. Naturally, it goes without saying that the doctor and the civilian family.
Later scholars frowned when they saw the word "resuitable", which was the evil result planted by Song agents.
In the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, there were also free love between men and women, and even private ones for life. From the 300 articles of the Book of Songs
I have seen many such poems, such as Guan Ju, Jing Nv, Papaya and other poems. Guan Ju is a work in Zhou Nan's area, Yue
is Chen Guo's work. Of course, it was not written by Wu Feng. In the novel, it is a game style, which cannot be taken seriously.
There are many examples of free love. In the Spring and Autumn Period, Duke Lu Zhuang once swore to cut his arm with the daughter of the doctor's party, and then married him and gave birth to the previous article
like a prince. Like a prince, Liang Nv, the daughter of the doctor Liang, also had a private relationship and made an appointment as a wife, which is a typical free love.
In the Warring States Period, more Yan's army entered Qi. The son of Qi fled to the Taishi Mansion as a helper and made a private life with the daughter of Taishi. Later, he succeeded to the throne and then
is the king of Qi Xiang, who made the daughter of Taishi the queen.
The so-called "men and women are not intimate" is a later saying, although there were also men and women's defenses at that time, such as sitting in different seats and taking different cars, its
In fact, men and women often shared the same road and car at that time. Wei Linggong once passed the city in the same car with Nanzi and ordered Confucius to accompany him. Duke Huan of Qi often takes her concubine out
Out, Guan Zhong also accompanied his concubine. Although Wu Feng and his wife and concubine often travel on the same road in the novel, it is my vulgar
It is intentionally ignored, but it is not necessarily impossible.
There are many men's and women's scandals in spring and autumn, among which those who affect political affairs can be seen in history books. As many historical books contain, it can be speculated
At that time, there was absolutely no strict defense between men and women. For example, Tian Heng deliberately "selected a woman with a length of more than seven feet as the harem and harem
With hundreds, the guests could not help leaving the harem. When he died, "there were more than 70 men" and I don't know how many daughters there were. If it weren't for that
Without the concept of chastity in society, Tian Heng will never use this method to strengthen the Tian clan (press: "Palace" in spring and autumn
Big house, not a special word for princes).
Therefore, in the novel, Wu Feng and Princess Miao's private life and free love with women are by no means without historical basis.
In the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, women can be given rewards. If they are lucky, they will be given to their subordinates as wives and concubines. If they are unlucky
is the maidservant, and it is very common for doctors to ask for and give women to each other. The most terrible thing is Qi Xiang's National Day seal and the doctor
The two families of the Lu family can't help each other.
Sometimes in order to rob women, there are often disasters that affect the political situation. This is what Xia Ji said above, and King Wen of Chu
The beauty of Mrs. Xihou simply destroyed Xiguo and robbed her as her as Mrs. Peach Blossom, and gave birth to her second son.
King of Chu, the youngest son is King Cheng of Chu. King Chu Ping robbed his son's bride, so that he killed Prince Jian and Wu's family. Wu Zixu rushed to Wu,
More than ten years later, he invaded the State of Chu and venge his corpse. The king is like this, and so is Dr. Qing. Governor Hua of the State of Song met with Sima Kong's father Jia's wife Wei
The family was very beautiful. He designed to kill Kong's father Jia, and even Song Shang died in the chaos. The Wei family committed suicide. Mu Jin's father, the son of Kong's father Jia, was hugged by his courtiers and fled
When he arrived at the State of Lu, his sixth grandson was Confucius.
Polygamy is customized, but there was no saying of "three wives and four concubines" at that time. The status of wives and concubines is very clear, and the direct wife only has
One, followed by concubines, and then concubines. There is no limit on the number of concubines. As for Ji and maidservants, they are not among the wives and concubines.
Modern people often deliberately ignore this matter in historical novels and write monogamy, which is not in line with historical habits, especially in
When the women's rights in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period were low, if the ancients knew, they would definitely laugh at the author's ignorance.
As virtuous as Confucius, he also said, "Only women and villains are difficult to raise." People like Wu Feng who love, treat and even reuse women, when
may not be available, even if there is, it should be minimal. I think this can only be seen in novels.
Wu Feng did not be very polite to women, because he was not educated about "male and female defense" in later generations, not to mention the environment at that time,
As a nobleman, it is too easy to get women. In fact, you can also write him as a gentleman in the minds of a scientist, but that's too inappropriate
At that time and the environment, it was not in line with Wu Feng's character.
7, Yiren
In addition to Laiyi in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, there were also Yi people along the coast of Huaibei, collectively known as Jiuyi. In the novel, for Fang
, only the Yi people in Qidong are written. As for the names of the nine ethnic groups, they come from Historical Records, Han Shu, Later Han Shu, Romance of the Three Kingdoms, etc.
Historical books. In the novel, there are references to the writing of various ethnic groups. For example, the Japanese are like Japanese, and the Lelang people and Koreans are more like Koreans.
The people are more like the northern nomads of later generations.
8, horse riding
Zhao Wuling King Hufu riding and shooting is a famous historical event, which happened during the Warring States Period. In the late Spring and Autumn Period, are there any countries in the Central Plains
What about people riding horses? The general opinion is that there is no. However, I think there may be fewer countries in Spring and Autumn, except for Daiguo, Zhongshan and other places
Several places also ride horses, because there is such a sentence in Zuo Zhuan · Zhaogong 25 years: "Zuo Shizhan will return on a horse", which may be
means horse riding. However, Wu Feng's advocacy of riding in the novel should be a little ahead of time, so there is no need to delve into it.
II. Several explanations
1, characters in the novel
(1), Wu Feng
In the Biography of Wu Zixu, there is indeed a record of Wu Zixu entrusting his son to Bao of the State of Qi, which is not seen in history books, but
Wu Feng's name comes from Wu Yue Chunqiu. Wu Feng's people were also mentioned in the Records of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty. However, Spring
Wu Feng's deeds inAutumn are fictional.
According to some records and folklore, Wu Zixu is ten feet tall and powerful, and his bravery and wisdom are outstanding. Wu Feng
As his son, it is possible to be ten feet tall and born with divine power, but at that time, one foot was equivalent to about 2.25 meters now.
Wu Feng is more than two meters tall, which is indeed very high.
(2), other characters
Princess Miao, Chu Yueer, Mrs. Qing, Pingqi, Zijian and others are all fictional; Zhiliyi, Mr. Ren, Dong Wu, Yan Wuyu,
Shi Nanyi Liao, Nan Guo Ziqi, Dong Guo Zihua, Zhu Pingman, A Jiu, Qu Gong and others are generally taken from Zhuangzi and Liezi
The story, such as Zhu Ping scattered all his family's wealth to learn the art of dragon slaughter, which is useless; Ren Gongzi fishes big fish in the East China Sea; Yan
There is no doubt that he will study from Dong Wu and so on. These characters may not be true in history. The stories of Shinan Yili are also described in the Records of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty
Write; the disciples of Laozi, Confucius and Confucius are not only historical figures, but also legendary figures; Yue Nv, Liu Xiahui, Liu Xiaqi
are legendary characters; most of the characters in the book have their own people in history, such as King Xiang of Zhou, King Hui of Chu, King Fucha of Wu, King of Yue
Qian, Qi Jiangong, Qi Pinggong, Wei Chugong, Jin Dinggong, Tian Heng, Tian Pan, Tian Wei, Kuai Jian, Hun Liangfu, Huan Xiao, Fan Li, Xi
Shi, Wenzhong, Bo Xi, Zhiyao, Yu Rang, Zhao Yang, Zhao Wujian, Liu Juan, etc.
2, about Laozi
Sima Qian can't figure out what age Laozi is in the Historical Records. In his contradictory statements, I have
Three years:
First, my name is Li Er, who was the old man Confucius once saluted him, so I was a person in the same era as Confucius, Kong
The son was born in 551 BC and died in 479 BC, so Confucius should have asked Laozi for a salute in these years, so Laozi
It should be a person in late spring and autumn.
Second, I am Zhou Taishi Dan, who met Duke Qin Xian in 374 BC, so the era of my survival is the middle of the Warring States Period.
Third, Laozi's son, Mingzong, once served as a Wei general and was sealed by Duan Gan. Some people suspect that it is Duan Gan Chong in Warring States Policy · Wei Ce,
Duan Ganchong was a man in his later years of the Warring States Period, so I was also a man in the late Warring States Period.
Because the Tao Te Ching has a great influence on the Huang Lao School in the middle of the Warring States Period, some people say that the Tao Te Ching should be in the early Warring States Period
's work, so Taishi Dan and Mr. Duan Gan's father can't be Laozi. I thought Laozi should still be asked by Confucius
That man, but Confucius died in the late Spring and Autumn Period, and then began to gradually enter the Warring States Period. I think I may not be old, and I will say no
The New Year is still smaller than Confucius, so it is also possible for people who are friends across the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. Another idea may be that I am extremely long
If he could live more than 100 years old, it would be possible for Confucius to salute him and write the Tao Te Ching in the early Warring States Period.
If the Tao Te Ching is a work of the early Warring States Period, then there was a saying about Tao Tao before the Tao Te Ching.
594 BC, that is, the year of the "first tax mu" of the State of Lu. According to the fifteenth year of Zuo Zhun Xuangong, Bozong, a doctor of the State of Jin
once said to Jin Jinggong, "As the saying goes: the top is in the heart, the rivers are dirty, the mountains hide diseases, Jin Yu hides flaws, and the way of heaven is also." Tao Te Ching
has the sentence "In the words of a saint: receiving the dirt of the country is called the Lord of the community", and the two views are the same.
In 484 BC, the 11th year of Zuo Zhuan·Ai Gong recorded that Wu Zixu was ordered to commit suicide with a sword. Wu Zixu said when he was dying: "Wu
It's dead! Three years, it is weak at the beginning, and the surplus will be destroyed, and the way of heaven is also." The Tao Te Ching says: "Those who get this Tao do not want to win", as if
Q&A with Wu Zixu.
According to Mandarin · Yueyu, Fan Li once said, "God does not test, but the time is guarded, and the strong are ominous. If you don't have time, you will suffer
It is a misforth, "There is no extreme, and the number will stop", "It must follow the way of heaven, and there is no investigation", "The merit of the saint is mediocre, but the time will not be achieved, the sky
There is a ring, and the festival is not far away, and it will be reversed in five years. These things are extremely reversed, and the principle of strong and weak changes is purely one of the kind in the Tao Te Ching.
The Taoist said.
The "way of heaven" must be the knowledge of people in Laozi's era or its previous era, or the book of the Tao Te Ching
It has been there before.
3, North Korea
The lord of North Korea is said to have been sealed by King Wu of Zhou, named Jizi. In the ballads that are still circulating in North Korea, it is also said that their ancestors
is a hoop. This Jizi was after the king of Shang. After King Wu of Zhou won the world, he refused to submit to Zhou. When the king of Wu invited him, he wrote
An article of Hong Fan Jiuchou was handed in, and then went to Liaodong, which is now North Korea. Because North Korea is divided into
in historyBaekje, Silla, North Korea and other countries are divided and combined, and it is no longer possible to determine which country's ancestor Jizi is. Because of North Korea and China
jiao jiao, which has been close since ancient times, it is very possible for Le Ronin and Koreans to be scattered in North Korea.
4, Japan
Regarding the origin of the Japanese, the Japanese have carried out archaeology, anthropology, linguistics and other aspects since Meiji.
Research, there are two theories related to China: one is that the ancestors of Japanese people came from southern China, which is from various texts
The conclusion reached on the connection; there is also a saying that the ancestors of Japanese came from northern nomads such as Northeast China and Mongolia,
This is the conclusion drawn from the study of ancient tombs and funerary objects.
According to a new genetic research result in recent years, scientists have found that Japan
A quarter of the gene sequence of Japanese on the state island is exactly the same as the Chinese, that is to say, this quarter of the ancestors of the Japanese
First, the Chinese.
Japanese legend has it that the two gods of Izanazun (Izana Kimei) and Izang Ranzun (Izanameimei) created the Japanese islands,
He gave birth to the god Tianzhao (the goddess of the sun), and the god Tianzhao inherited the earth and sent his grandson to rule Japan. After the god of art went down to earth,
Finally, the throne was passed to Shenwu. Emperor Shenwu ascended the throne in 660 BC, but this era was too early and had basically been used by Japan
History is overthrown. Shenwu is the first mortal emperor in Japan. The bloodline has been extended until now. The current Emperor Akihito is Emperor Shenwu's
The direct descendants have been passed down from Shenwu to Mingren for 125 generations.
According to the research of historians from China and Japan, Chinese residents have moved to Japan on a large scale five times. The first time was the destruction of Qin in China
At the time of the country, the early days of Japanese Yayoi culture, that is, decades after 300 BC. At that time, the Chinese not only took it
Chinese characters also bring farming technology such as rice and iron manufacturing technology. Xu Fudongdu saw it in history books, but he didn't say that he arrived at the day
Bun, but Japan especially admires Xu Fu and worships Xu Fu. There are many legends about Xu Fu in Japan, and many of them have been preserved about him
Relics. According to the Great Encyclopedia of Japan, it is said that Xu Fu landed in today's Wakayama area of Japan and lived in the nearby Kumano Mountain area. ri
This historical material records: "It is said that Xu Fu, who settled in Kumano, taught people farming and whaling methods, and was close and respected by people."
Many Japanese scholars have studied and believe that "Xu Fu is Emperor Shenwu", and even some people say that "Xu Fu is the father of our Japanese".
Xu Fudongdu happened in 219 BC.
This does not mean that no Chinese came to Japan before that, because in the fifth century BC, a kind of pottery was introduced to Japan in China.
is called the "need device". In the novel, Wu Feng arrived in Japan in 474 BC and later moved to Japan, which is in line with history.
In the book The Mystery of the Japanese Royal Family, the author even said that according to Japanese legend, Japan's Amaterasu refers to the middle
A tribe of the country, the Tenjo clan, is considered to be the ancestor of the Emperor of Japan, so the Japanese royal family is Chinese
The descendants of.
Chinese people arrived in Japan in the fifth century BC, so I believe that Chinese forces must have arrived in Japan before Xu Fu.
In the novel, Wu Feng traveled to the sea and arrived in Japan to establish his own kingdom, which is to write this historical possibility.
5, language and customs
Because the story in the novel happened too far away from us, there were many social customs that were difficult for us to understand. One said
In ancient times, ordinary people often had a one-sided view of ancient customs, and an ancient image appeared in their brains, believing that ancient times
The wait is all the same. Except for some changes in people's clothes, the court, government, market, residential houses are almost the same, kings, officials,
The people have said the same thing for thousands of years. In fact, these perceptions are all movies of novels, operas and film and television dramas that do not respect history.
sound. For example, in the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, we often see descriptions such as "a cannon, an ambush". In fact, gunpowder is the Tang Dynasty
It was invented, and there was absolutely no cannon in the Three Kingdoms. There are more mistakes in the Romance of the Gods, such as the way of fighting at that time was mainly
Infantry fighting, even fewer chariots, let alone horseback combat. The monarch claimed that "I" was the beginning of the First Emperor of Qin, King Zhou of Shang
It was impossible to call himself "I", and the official position at that time was civil and military, and there was no official position in the name of "general". Of course, the performance of the gods
righteousness is a mythical novel, and there is no need to delve into it, but many novels throughout the ages have such problems, especially in operas. Near
There are also many such problems in popular literary and artistic works (especially Hong Kong and Taiwan works).
In fact, the social customs, living habits and ways of speaking vary from dynasty to dynasty. Here's how people live
As an example, just say a little bit.
Qing and Yuan were ruled by ethnic minorities, and people's living habits were naturally different from those of Song and Ming. There were Song, Ming, Tang and Five Dynasties
A big difference, mainly because of the science that began to appear in the Song Dynasty, especially the men's and women's defense after the Song Dynasty, compared with Tang and Five
The generation is much stricter.
The emperor of the Tang Dynasty had ethnic minority blood, and the clothes of women in the Tang Dynasty were also very sexy, which was not available in later generations. Tang Dynasty
princesses often remarried after her husband's death, and there was basically no one after the Song Dynasty.
Tang is different from Jin and Han. For example, people in the Han Dynasty, the Three Kingdoms and Jin Dynasty all sit on the ground, except in the barracks at ordinary times
did not sit on the chair, and the Tang Dynasty began to sit on the chair.
Jin is also different from the Warring States, Qin Dynasty and Han Dynasty, but the main difference is that gymnastics is now on the powerful, such as the opinion of the door valve
and taking "five stone powder" led to changes in the whole custom.
This book is about the turn of the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. I try to avoid some big mistakes in my writing, describing administration, military,
Diplomacy should be as realistic as possible, and pay more attention to the details of their living, diet, clothing, jade, weapons and armor and other details when describing the characters.
The most difficult thing was people's language habits at that time. In what we said, there were many customary usages that were not available at that time, or
Another meaning. For example, the "little man" and "gentleman" mentioned by people in spring and autumn are very different from those used in later times. What later generations said
's "gentleman" generally refers to a person with high morals, and "little man" refers to a person with despicable behavior, which describes a person in terms of morality. Spring and autumn "small
People" and "gentleman" are words that describe people's identity. "gentleman" refers to powerful people with high status, and "little man" refers to people with low status.
There are many language usages, such as the words "fate", "fate", "fate", "fate" and "fate" that are often used in later generations, which are the Eastern Han Dynasty
Buddhism was gradually used after the introduction of Buddhism in China in the ten years of Emperor Yongping of the Ming Dynasty (AD 67). The pre-Qin people would not say so. At that time
After being jealous, it is not called vinegar, so people at that time would not say "jealousy". In addition, don't drink in spring and autumn
Tea, wine is a regular drink, so there is absolutely no such thing as "drinking tea" and "stiming tea". In addition, there are "things", which should
It is a saying that it was only in the Tang Dynasty that it would definitely not exist in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period.
There are so various things, so there is a little attention in the novel, but it is difficult to write according to historical novels, so some places are still ignored.