Chapter 194 Xiaoxiong 6 (monthly pass)

In terms of military use, history said that he was "a military division, much more according to the law of Sun Wu, but because of the strange things, the enemy to win, and changed like a god. With more than 100,000 words of self-made military books, all the generals are engaged in the expedition with new books, and their hands are used as a restraint. Those who follow the command will defeat, and those who violate the religion will be defeated.

In a series of battles against Lv Bu, Zhang Xiu, Yuan Shao, Ma Chao, Han Sui, etc., tactics such as attacking east and west, avoiding reality, ambush, enveling, raiding, robbing grain, attacking and saving the enemy, abandoning objects to lure the enemy, etc.

He is indeed an extremely outstanding military strategist.

Li Jing's "Li Wei Gong Asked the right" and He Qufei's "Dr. He's Preparation" and other works all praised Cao Cao's marching military.

In terms of imperial generals, Cao Cao was pulled out of the forbidden and happy to march between the arrays, and took Zhang Liao and Xu Huang from the dead. They were all ordered to make contributions and listed as famous generals.

Cao Cao can use his strengths according to the characteristics of generals.

For example, Xu Chu and Dian Wei are powerful and loyal to the law. Cao Cao let them fight as military fronts and unify their own soldiers.

Zang Ba has a kind faith in Dongtu, and Cao Cao entrusted Qing and Xu Erzhou to him, so that he can concentrate on Yuan Shao without thinking about the East.

The general Wenpinben was a general under Liu Biao's account. He was quite powerful in the Jianghan area. Cao Cao appointed him as the governor of Jiangxia and entrusted him with border affairs to make Sun Quan.

Cao Cao loves the tomb classics and the study of six arts. In the melee of unifying the north, pay attention to the protection and collection of books.

After defeating Yuan Shao in the fifth year of Jian'an (200), he ordered to "receive all his treasures of books".

After serving as the Duke of Wei, he set up officials in charge of the classics and collected a wide collection of Eastern Han government and folk books scattered in the war, which were hidden in the three pavilions and secretarial provinces at home and abroad.

also asked Cai Wenji, the daughter of Cai Yong, to talk about her collection of books. Cai Wenji "send the book without any mistakes." Because he attached importance to the cultural construction of the country, he gradually established the national book collection of the State of Wei.

Cao Cao has a deep cultivation of literature, calligraphy, music, etc. His literary achievements mainly show that in today's poetry, prose is also very characteristic.

There are more than 20 Cao Cao's poems, all of which are Yuefu poetry. The content can be roughly divided into three categories. One is related to current affairs, one is mainly about expressing ideals, and the other is immortal poetry.

Works that are related to current affairs include "Jilu Xing", "Yoli Xing", "Bitter Cold Travel", "Step Out of Xia Men Xing" and so on. The two poems, Yu Lu Xing and Hao Li Xing, were written in the early years of Jian'an.

The previous article reflects that He Jinmou's attempt to kill eunuchs was defeated, and Dong Zhuo entered Luoyang for chaos; the latter article wrote that the states and counties in Kanto fought against Zhuo, and each had their own ambitions, killed each other, and took on the content closely.

The poem writes this historical process in a concise language and is highly generalized, so it is known as "the record of the end of the Han Dynasty, and the history of true poetry" (Zhong Xun's Return of Ancient Poems).

What is especially valuable is that in the poem "Qoli Xing", he wrote the deep suffering of the vast number of people in the war with a sympathetic tone: "The armor give birth to lice, ten thousand surnames die, white bones are exposed in the wild, there is no chickens for thousands of miles, and the people are left behind, and their hearts are broken."

"Bitter Cold" was written in the 11th year of Jian'an. The poem describes the cold, desolate, steep and vivid image of the Taihang mountain area in winter. At the same time, it also describes the poet's complex feelings.

"Step Out of the Summer Gate" was written during the 12th year of Jian'an's expedition to Wuhuan, three counties. The poem includes "Yan" (prelude) and four interpretations. Yan highlighted the poet's complicated mood when he went on the expedition.

The first explanation is to "watch the sea" and write about the feelings when entering the army through Jieshi; the second explanation is "Winter October" and the third explanation of "earth differences" and write about the news on the way back; the fourth explanation of "Although the turtle is long", write about the ideological activities after the victory of this important battle.

Among them, "viewing the sea" describes the scene of the sea, "the autumn wind is bleak, the flood waves are surging, and the sun and the moon travel, if they come out of it; the stars and Han are brilliant, if they are out of it", which is magnificent and magnificent, reflecting the poet's tolerance of the universe and swallowing the sun and the moon.

Although the turtle lives, it expresses the poet's views on life and career with a series of vivid metaphors: "The old man is full of ambition, the martyrs are thousands of miles away, and the martyrs are full of ambition."

This is a true confession of the poet's lifelong positive and enterprising spirit.

Poems that mainly express ideals include Duguanshan, Wine, Short Song and so on. The first two articles are about political ideals.

The peaceful and prosperous era he envisions is the politics of virtuous monarchs and ministers with both Confucianism and law. This is undoubtedly of progressive significance under the reality of the great destruction of society at the end of the Han Dynasty.

The theme of "Short Song" is to seek talents. With poems such as "The mountains are not tired of being high, the sea is not tired of being deep, Zhou Gong is fed, and the world is returning to the heart" to express the desire for talents and talents, so as to achieve their great career.

In terms of artistic style, Cao Cao's poetry is simple and unpretentious. They won with deep affection and charm.

In terms of poetry, it is characterized by generosity and sadness. Generosity and sadness were originally the common tone of Jian'an literature, but in Cao Cao's poems, it is the most typical and prominent.

In the poetic genre, Cao Cao's Yuefu poetry does not copy the rules of Han Yuefu, but has developed.

For example, "Jilu Xing" and "Haoli Xing" are all elegy in Han Yuefu, but he used the old title to write new content.

Cao Cao created the tradition of writing current events in Yuefu, which had a far-reaching impact. Jian'an writers and many poets from the Northern and Southern Dynasties to the Tang Dynasty, their large number of Yuefu poems can be said to be the inheritance and development of this tradition.

Cao Cao's literary achievements are also reflected in his constructive role in Jian'an literature (see Jian'an's seven sons). Jian'an literature can flourish under the long-term war and social destruction, which is inseparable from his attention and promotion.

When discussing the reasons for the prosperity of Jian'an literature, Liu Wei once pointed out that "Wei Wu is the respect of the prime king and loves poetry" (Wenxin Carving Dragon Time Preface).

In fact, the main writers in the Jian'an period have a close relationship with him.

Cao Pi and Cao Zhi are his sons, and the "seven sons" and Cai Yan are also protected by his shadow.

It can be said that the "Yexia People Group" was formed on the basis of the material conditions he provided; and their creation was also carried out under the influence of his advocacy.

In addition, Cao Cao has many other articles that have been handed down to the world, such as "Please Increase Guo Jiafengyi Table", "Let the County Self-Beming ben zhi ling", "With Wang Xiushu", "Shi Gu Taiwei Qiao Xuanwen" and so on. The writing is simple, emotional, smooth and frank.

Cao's writings, according to the research of Yao Zhenzong's Art and Literature Records of the Three Kingdoms in the Qing Dynasty, there are more than 10 kinds such as 30 volumes of Wei Wudi Collection and 13 volumes of Military Books, but many of them have died, and the only one who survives today is Sun Tzu Note. Zhang Pu's collection of 145 poems and essays in the Ming Dynasty is the Collection of Emperor Wu of Wei, which is included in the Collection of One Hundred and Three Collections of the Six Dynasties of the Han and Wei Dynasties.

Ding Fubao's Collection of Famous Masters of the Han and Wei Dynasties also contains slightly more works than Zhang Pu's collection.

In 1959, according to Ding Fu's preservation book, the China Book Bureau slightly sorted out and supplemented it, added Sun Tzu Note, and attached it to Wei Zhi Wudi Ji, Cao Cao's Chronology, etc., and re-printed it as Cao Cao's Collection.

Later generations called Cao Cao an outstanding politician, militaryist and writer in the history of the Chinese nation. However, Cao Cao is a generation of calligraphers, but it is little known, mainly because Cao Cao has few calligraphy works handed down from generation to generation.

People who have seen Cao's calligraphy works in history all praised his calligraphy as "golden flowers falling, exquisite everywhere; Jingyu is brilliant, and Yao is as brilliant." "The pen and ink are majestic and majestic." Great beauty.

Zhang Hua, a writer of the Western Jin Dynasty, said in the History of History: "Han Shi, Anping Cui Yu, Wan Ziqi, Hongnong Zhang Zhi, Zhidi Chang are good at cursive writing, and Taizu Yazhi."

In his Book, Yu, a calligraphy critic of the Southern Dynasty, divided the calligraphy works of ancient celebrities into three grades: upper, middle and lower grades, and each grade was divided into upper, middle and lower grades, with a total of nine grades; he included Cao Cao's calligraphy works in the middle and middle grades.

Zhang Yuguan, a calligrapher and critic in the Tang Dynasty, divided them into three categories: divine, wonderful and capable according to the artistic achievements of calligraphers in past dynasties: those who come out are gods, those who use exquisite are wonderful, and those who are out of vulgar are capable.

He called Cao Cao's calligraphy works wonderful in his calligraphy review monograph "Book Breaks". From this point of view, although Cao Cao's calligraphy works cannot be listed as divine and top-quality, they are counted among famous calligraphers in the country.

According to historical records, in addition to learning calligraphy with famous calligraphers at that time: Zhong Xuan, Liang Hu, Handan Chun, Wei Dan, Sun Zi Jing and others, he also hung the words of Liang Hu, his favorite secretary, in the account to carefully think about and appreciate them. Sometimes when he couldn't sleep at night, he got up and slowly tasted Liang Hu's words nailed all over the wall.