Information 4: Something about 1993
A Major Events in 1993:
On January 22, Deng Gong welcomed the Spring Festival with people from all walks of life in Shanghai. He fully affirmed the work in Shanghai and pointed out that it is necessary to take a step and look back. Pay attention to safety and avoid losses, especially to avoid large losses. Just go back and summarize the experience and correct the shortcomings. He also said that practice has proved that the collective work of the Party Central Committee with Comrades Jiang Ze and Min as the core has done a good job and can be trusted.
On February 13, the Communist Party of China, the Central Committee and the State Council issued the Outline for China's Education Reform and Development, proposing that by the end of this century, China should basically universalize nine-year compulsory education, basically eliminate illiteracy among young and middle-aged people, and improve the quality of education in an all-round way. This is a programmatic document guiding China's educational reform and development in the 1990s and even the beginning of the next century.
On February 14, the State Council issued the Decision on Accelerating the Development of Township Enterprises in the Central and Western Regions, which requires that the accelerated development of township enterprises be taken as a strategic focus of economic work in the central and western regions. At the same time, it is pointed out that this decision also applies to economically underdeveloped areas in the east.
On February 15, the State Council issued the Notice on Accelerating the Reform of the Grain Circulation System, pointing out that it is necessary to seize the opportunity to actively and steadily liberalize prices and operations under national macro-control, enhance the vitality of grain enterprises, reduce the national financial burden, and further promote the commercialization and marketization of grain operations.
From March 5th to 7th, the Second Plenary Session of the 14th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China was held in Beijing. The plenary session deliberated and adopted the Proposal on Adjusting Several Indicators of the Eighth Five-Year Plan and the Plan on the Reform of Party and Government Institutions. According to the adjusted Eighth Five-Year Plan, the national economic growth rate has been increased from an average of 6% to 8% to 9% per year. The plenary session believes that the reform of the party and government institutions is an important part of the reform of the political system and socialist political construction. It is also an important condition for deepening the reform of the economic system and accelerating the pace of socialist modernization. It must be carried out as soon as possible. The focus of the reform is to transform government functions.
On March 8, the State Council approved the National Sports Reform Commission's "Key Points on Economic System Reform in 1993". The main tasks of this year's economic system reform work are: to continue to implement the Regulations on the Conversion of Business Mechanisms of Industrial Enterprises Owned by the Whole People, focusing on transforming the operating mechanism of state-owned enterprises and transforming the economic management functions of the government, and accelerating the reform of enterprises around the central link of pushing enterprises to the market; in order to add Take the fast price reform as an opportunity to promote the reform of the fiscal, taxation, financial and planning systems; vigorously develop the market system and accelerate the reform of the foreign trade system focusing on the reform of the import management system; comprehensively promote the reform of the social security system and the housing and land use system; improve the pilot level of comprehensive reform and effectively build a new system. Basic work.
On March 12, Wang, a great proletarian revolutionary, politician, military strategist, a staunch Marxist, and an outstanding leader of the Party and the country, died of illness in Guangzhou at the age of 85.
From March 14th to 27th, the first meeting of the Eighth National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference was held in Beijing. Li Rui and Huan were elected as the chairman of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference.
From March 15th to 31st, the first session of the Eighth National People's Congress of the People's Republic of China was held in Beijing. Li Peng made the Report on the Work of the Government on behalf of the State Council. The meeting adopted the amendment to the Constitution of the People's Republic of China. The revised Constitution affirmed that China is in the primary stage of socialism. The fundamental task of the country is to concentrate on socialist modernization according to the theory of building socialism with Chinese characteristics. It affirmed the responsibility of family contract in rural areas. The system is a socialist economy owned by the collective masses of the working people; it affirms the implementation of the socialist market economy by the state. The meeting adopted the Basic Law of the Macao Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China, including three annexes and the regional flag and regional emblem, the decision on the establishment of the Macao Special Administrative Region, the decision on the Basic Law of the Macao Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China, and the first government, the Legislative Council and judicial organs of the Macao Special Administrative Region. The decision of the method. The Basic Law of the Macao Special Administrative Region has been implemented since December 20, 1999. The meeting also adopted a decision on the institutional reform plan of the State Council. The meeting elected Jiang Ze and Min as the President and Rong Yiren as the Vice President of the People's Republic of China; Qiao Shi as the Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress, Jiang Ze and Min as the Chairman of the Central Military Commission of the People's Republic of China; decided to appoint Li Peng as the Premier of the State Council; elected as the President of the Supreme People's Court and Zhang Siqing as the Procurator of the Supreme People's Procuratorate. Long.
On April 1, the Communist Party of China and the Central Committee held a briefing on the economic situation. Jiang Ze and Min expressed their important opinions on the current economic work. He said: At present, the domestic situation and the international environment provide a rare opportunity to accelerate reform and development. To seize the opportunity and accelerate development, we must proceed from the current actual situation in China and adhere to the unity of emancipating the mind and seeking truth from facts. Strive to not only accelerate development, do your best, but also start from reality and act according to your ability. In terms of the speed of development, if you don't do a one-size-fits-all, you must start from objective reality. If you have the conditions, you can do it as fast as you can. Don't force yourself if you don't have the conditions to speed up development for the time being. It is necessary to prevent the economy from overheating.
On April 19, the State Council made a decision on the reform of relevant institutions, and decided that the institutions directly under the State Council should be adjusted from 19 to 13, and the offices should be adjusted from 9 to 5. The State Council will no longer set up a national bureau under the central management of ministries and commissions. Public institutions directly under the State Council have also made adjustments.
From April 27th to 29th, after more than half a year of deliberation and preparation, Wang Daohan, president of the Cross-Strait Relations Association, and Gu Zhenfu, chairman of the Taiwan Straits Exchange Foundation, held talks in Singapore. The two sides exchanged views on cross-strait economic cooperation, cross-strait scientific, technological and cultural exchanges, meetings between the Straits Association and the Straits Foundation, and signed four agreements on cross-strait relations, including the "Common Agreement on Wang Gu Talks". The Wang Gu Talks are the first civil, economic, transactional and functional talks between the highest leaders of civil society authorized on both sides of the Taiwan Strait.
On June 24, the Communist Party of China, the Central Committee and the State Council issued the Opinions on the Current Economic Situation and Strengthening Macro-control. The document points out that as China's economy continues to make great strides forward, some new contradictions and problems have also emerged, and the situation in some aspects is still relatively serious. When solving problems, we should earnestly implement the guiding ideology of seizing opportunities and accelerating development in economic work. At the same time, we should pay attention to safety and avoid losses, especially avoid major losses, and focus on deepening reform, transforming mechanisms, optimizing structures and improving benefits. The document puts forward 16 measures to strengthen and improve macro-control, such as strictly controlling currency issuance and stabilizing the financial situation.
On July 2, Qiao Shi delivered a speech on "Strive to Establish a Legal System of Socialist Market Economy" at the second meeting of the Standing Committee of the Eighth National People's Congress. He pointed out that the establishment and improvement of the legal system of the market economy is an inseparable part of cultivating and developing the socialist market economy. It is necessary to seize the opportunity, strive to do a good job in the legislation of the socialist market economy, and seriously solve the problems encountered in the legislation of the market economy. The meeting adopted the decision on the establishment of the Preparatory Working Committee of the Preparatory Committee for the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress. The director of the Preparatory Committee of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region is Qian Qichen, Vice Premier of the State Council and Minister of Foreign Affairs. The meeting also adopted the Law of the People's Republic of China on the Advancement of Science and Technology (effective since October 1, 1993), which is the first basic law on science and technology in China's history.
The National Financial Work Conference was held in Beijing from July 5th to 7th. At the meeting, Premier Zhu stressed that the focus of financial reform is to strengthen the functions of the central bank and accelerate the formation of a unified and effective macro-control mechanism. Through reform, a central bank system will be established to independently implement a unified monetary policy under the leadership of the State Council; a financial organization system with national policy banks and state-owned commercial banks as the main body and various financial institutions coexist under the supervision of the central bank; a unified, open, efficient and orderly financial market will be established. System.
On July 20-23, the National Financial Work Conference and the National Tax Work Conference were held simultaneously in Beijing. Premier Zhu pointed out at the meeting that the top priority of fiscal and tax work is to rectify the fiscal and tax order, accelerate fiscal and tax reform, rectify with reform methods, and accelerate reform on the basis of rectification.
On August 20, the Seventh Executive Meeting of the State Council deliberated and adopted the Outline for Agricultural Development in the 1990s (Draft). The outline points out that insisting on strengthening agriculture is the top priority of the overall situation. By 2000, the grain output will reach 500 billion kilograms, and the total agricultural output value (according to the unchanged price in 1990) will reach 1,210 billion yuan, with an average annual growth rate of about 4%. Farmers should live to a well-off level, and the per capita net income of farmers will reach 1,200 yuan, with an average annual growth rate of 5.8%. The pace of economic development in poverty-stricken areas should be accelerated to ensure that the problem of food and clothing for the masses will be solved by the end of this century. On November 4, the State Council issued this outline.
From August 20th to 25th, the Second Plenary Session of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection of the Communist Party of China was held in Beijing. Jiang Ze and Min pointed out in their speech at the meeting that anti-corruption is an inevitable requirement for implementing the Party's basic line and an important guarantee for concentrating on economic construction. We should not only see that the fight against corruption is a long-term and arduous task, but also have a realistic sense of urgency, take strong measures to resolutely stop the spread of corruption and solve the outstanding problems.
From August 22nd to 28th, Jiang Ze visited some large and medium-sized state-owned enterprises in Northeast China. During the inspection, Jiang Ze and Min proposed that the fundamental way to do a good job in large and medium-sized state-owned enterprises lies in deepening reform. The focus should be on the following links: First, unswervingly implement the "Regulations on the Conversion of the Operation Mechanism of Industrial Enterprises Owned by the Whole People" and transform the operation mechanism of enterprises. Second, accelerate the reform of the financial system, investment system, fiscal and tax system and other supporting reforms to create a good environment for enterprises. Third, strengthen the management of state-owned assets and gradually establish a modern enterprise system.
On August 31, the Taiwan Affairs Office of the State Council and the Information Office of the State Council published the white paper on Taiwan Issues and China's Unification. For the first time, the white paper systematically discusses the origin and current situation of the Taiwan issue, and clarifies the government's principled position and basic policy on the Taiwan issue.
On October 5, the Communist Party of China, the Central Committee and the State Council issued the "Decision on Several Recent Work in the Fight against Corruption", requiring that the following three tasks should be focused in the near future: First, leading cadres of the Party and government organs should take the lead in integrity and self-discipline. Second, investigate and handle a number of major cases. Third, stop a few strong unhealthy trends from the masses.
From October 18th to 21st, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China held a rural work conference in Beijing. On the 18th, Jiang Ze and Min pointed out in their speech "We should always attach great importance to agriculture, rural and farmers" that in the long run, agriculture and rural areas have always been in a pivotal position to achieve the strategic goals of China's economic and social development. At present, the deepening of rural reform should also focus on cultivating market subjects, improving the market system, strengthening macro guidance and the protection of agriculture, and accelerating the establishment of a rural economic operation mechanism and management system that meets the requirements of the socialist market economy.
On November 2nd, the third volume of Deng Gongwenxuan was published. The anthology brings together Deng Gong's main works from the 12th National Congress of the Communist Party of China in September 1982 to his visit to the South in the spring of 1992. On the same day, the Communist Party of China and the Central Committee made the Decision on Study of the Third Volume of Deng's Selected Papers and held a report on the third volume of Deng's Selected Papers. Jiang Ze and Min pointed out at the report: Comrade Deng Gong's theory of building socialism with Chinese characteristics has systematically answered a series of basic questions about how to build socialism and how to consolidate and develop socialism in a country with relatively backward economy and culture like China for the first time. With new ideas and views, he inherits and enriches The wealth and development of Mao Ze and Dong Thought is the latest achievement of the combination of Marxism and Chinese reality, and it is the Marxism of contemporary China. At the beginning of the founding of the Communist Party of China, Marxism-Leninism was solemnly written on its own banner. After the Yan'an rectification and the Seventh National Congress of the Communist Party of China, Mao Ze and Dong Thought, the unified ideas of Marxism-Leninism and Chinese revolutionary practice, were solemnly written on his banner. From the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee, after the 12th National Congress, the 13th National Congress to the 14th National Congress, our Party solemnly wrote Deng Gong's theory of building socialism with Chinese characteristics on its own banner.
On November 5, the Communist Party of China, the Central Committee and the State Council issued "Several Policies and Measures on Current Agricultural and Rural Economic Development". The document pointed out that the two-tier management system, which combines the responsibility system based on family joint production contracting and unified division, is a basic system of China's rural economy, which should be stable in the long term and continuously improved. In order to stabilize the land contracting relationship, farmers are encouraged to increase investment and improve land productivity. After the original arable land contract period expires, it will be extended for another 30 years.
From November 11th to 14th, the Third Plenary Session of the 14th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China was held in Beijing. The meeting deliberated and adopted the Decision of the Communist Party of China and the Central Committee on Several Issues Concerning the Establishment of a Socialist Market Economy System. The Decision points out that the socialist market economy system is integrated with the basic socialist system. The establishment of a socialist market economy system is to enable the market to play a fundamental role in resource allocation under national macro-control. In order to achieve this goal, we must adhere to the policy of public ownership as the main body and the common development of multiple economic components, further transform the operation mechanism of state-owned enterprises, and establish a modern enterprise system that meets the requirements of the market economy, with clear property rights, clear powers and responsibilities, separate government and enterprise, and scientific management; establish a national unified and open market system. Realize the close integration of urban and rural markets, connect the domestic market and the international market, and promote the optimal allocation of resources; transform the function of the government to manage the economy, establish a perfect macro-control system based on indirect means, and ensure the healthy operation of the national economy; establish a distribution according to work as the main body, with efficiency first and fairness. The income distribution system encourages some people in some areas to get rich first and take the road of common prosperity. It establishes a multi-level social security system to provide urban and rural residents with social security that is compatible with China's national conditions and promotes economic development and social stability. These main links constitute the basic framework of the socialist market economy system.
On November 20, Jiang Zemin attended the informal meeting of leaders of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation held in Seattle, USA and delivered a speech, proposing to bring a world of peace and prosperity into the 21st century. The day before the meeting, President Jiang Ze, Min and President Klin Dun held a formal meeting, which was the first formal meeting between the top leaders of the two countries since February 1989.
On December 15, the State Council issued the "Decision on the Implementation of the Tax-sharing Financial Management System", which will reform the current local financial package system from January 1, 1994, and implement the tax-sharing financial management system for all provinces, autonomous regions, municipalities directly under the Central Government and cities under separate state planning.
On December 20, the Fifth Session of the Standing Committee of the Eighth National People's Congress adopted the Company Law, which is the first company law in China.
On December 25, the State Council made the Decision on the Reform of the Financial System. The goal of financial system reform is to establish a macro-control system for central banks that independently implement monetary policy under the leadership of the State Council; to establish a financial organization system that separates policy finance from commercial finance, with state-owned commercial banks as the main body and multiple financial institutions coexist; to establish unified openness, orderly competition and strict management. The financial market system.
On December 26, the centennial anniversary of Mao Ze and Dong's birth was held in Beijing. Jiang Ze and Min pointed out in a speech at the meeting: Mao Ze and Eastern Thought will always be the theoretical treasure house of the Communist Party of China and the spiritual pillar of the Chinese nation, and will always be our action guide for building a modern socialist country. Comrade Mao Ze and Comrade Dong are great Marxists, proletarian revolutionaries, strategists and theorists, and great patriots and national heroes in China since modern times.
The annual GDP was 3,63.44 billion yuan, an increase of 13.5% over the previous year. Among them, the primary industry grew by 4.7%, the secondary industry grew by 19.9%, and the tertiary industry grew by 10.7%. The investment in fixed assets of the whole society was 130.723 billion yuan, of which the state-owned units completed the capital construction investment of 461.550 billion yuan. The national fiscal revenue was 434.895 billion yuan, an increase of 24.8% over the previous year; the fiscal expenditure was 464.23 billion yuan, an increase of 24.1% over the previous year. The total annual retail sales of consumer goods was 124.621 billion yuan, and the annual retail price index of goods increased by 13.2% over the previous year. The total amount of national import and export trade was 1127.01 billion yuan, of which exports were 528.48 billion yuan, imports were 59.82 billion yuan, and more than 70.14 billion yuan. The per capita disposable income of urban households is 2,577.40 yuan, and the per capita net income of rural households is 921.62 yuan.
Some statistics about 1993:
In 1993, all regions and departments thoroughly implemented the spirit of the 14th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, took new steps in reform, opening up and modernization, strengthened and improved macro-control and achieved positive results, the national economy continued to grow rapidly, people's lives continued to improve, and social undertakings further developed. According to preliminary statistics, the annual GDP was 3,138 billion yuan, an increase of 13.4% over the previous year, of which the added value of the secondary industry was 162.4 billion yuan, an increase of 20.4%; the tertiary industry was 84.85 billion yuan, an increase of 9.3%. The main problems in economic operation are: the market price increase is high; the scale of fixed asset investment under construction is too large; the development of basic industries and infrastructure is not suitable for the needs of the rapid development of the national economy.
I. Agriculture
Agricultural production has achieved good harvests, and agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fisheries continue to develop. The annual added value of agriculture was 665 billion yuan, an increase of 4% over the previous year.
Among the output of major agricultural products, the production of grain and oil reached a record record. Vegetable and fruit production achieved another bumper harvest, but the output of cotton and sugar decreased.
The output of the main agricultural products is as follows:
% increase in 1993 over the previous year
4,56.44 million tons of grain
Of which: 409.56 million tons of grain 2.0
oil material 17.61 million tons 7.3
Among them: 801 million tons of peanuts 34.6
6.95 million tons of rapeseed-9.2
3.76 million tons of cotton - 16.6
6.5 million tons of jute 4.5
64.13 million tons of sugarcane-12.2
Beet 12.1 million tons - 19.7
3.08 million tons of flue-cured tobacco - 1.2
760,000 tons of silkworm cocoon 9.6
600,000 tons of tea 6.8
29.88 million tons of fruit 22.5
New achievements have been made in forestry construction. In 1993, the national afforestation area of 88.33 million mu was completed. The quality of afforestation has been improved, the construction of key national forestry projects has made remarkable progress, the work of forest fire prevention and pest control has been further strengthened, the goal of double growth of forest area and forest accumulation has been achieved, and the forest coverage rate has continued to increase.
Animal husbandry production has developed steadily, and the number of livestock products and livestock such as meat, poultry, eggs and milk continues to increase.
The output of major livestock products and the number of livestock inventory are as follows:
% increase in 1993 over the previous year
37.8 million tons of meat 10.2
Among them: 32.24 million tons of pork, beef and mutton 9.7
5.16 million tons of poultry meat 13.7
4.98 million tons of milk-1.0
240,000 tons of wool are flat
The number of pigs at the end of the year is 390.87 million.1.7
The number of sheep at the end of the year is 218.32 million, 5.3
The number of large livestock at the end of the year is 138.03 million 2.4
Fishery production has grown steadily. The annual output of aquatic products was 17.85 million tons, an increase of 14.6% over the previous year. Among them, the output of freshwater products was 7.41 million tons, an increase of 18.9%; the output of seawater products was 10.44 million tons, an increase of 11.9%.
Agricultural production conditions have been further improved. At the end of 1993, the total power of agricultural machinery in China was 318 million kilowatts, an increase of 4.8% over the end of the previous year; 720,000 large and medium-sized tractors, a decrease of 5.3%; 7.84 million small and hand-behind tractors, an increase of 4.4%; 680,000 agricultural heavy vehicles, an increase of 6.3%; drainage and irrigation power machinery 754 50,000 kilowatts, an increase of 2.8%; rural electricity consumption is 125.3 billion kilowatt-hours, an increase of 13.2%. The construction of farmland water conservancy has continued to be strengthened, with a new effective irrigation area of 13.87 million mu throughout the year. However, the over-occupation of arable land is still prominent, which is not conducive to the stable growth of agricultural production.
II. Industry and construction
Industrial production continues to grow at a high speed. The annual industrial added value was 1,414 billion yuan, an increase of 21.1% over the previous year. Among all industries, state-owned enterprises increased by 6,4%; collective enterprises increased by 28.6%, including rural industries increased by 41.3%; Chinese-foreign joint ventures, cooperative operations and foreign-funded enterprises increased by 46.2%. Large and medium-sized enterprises grew by 14.1%, maintaining the momentum of steady growth.
The all-round development of light and heavy industry. The added value of all-young industry was 669 billion yuan, an increase of 19.9% over the previous year; the added value of heavy industry was 745 billion yuan, an increase of 22.2% over the previous year. Affected by changes in market demand, the output of major industrial products has risen and decreased.
The output of major industrial products is as follows:
% increase in 1993 over the previous year
221.5 million tons of chemical fibers 3.9
5.02 million tons of yarn 0.1
Ble 19.1 billion meters 0.2
Mechanism paper and cardboard 18.2 million tons 5.5
7.446 million tons of sugar - 10.4
29.53 million tons of raw salt 4.1
33.67 million boxes of cigarettes 2.5
Synthetic detergent 1.75 million tons 5.9 tons
13.87 million color TVs 4.1
Household washing machine 8.763 units 23.8
Home refrigerators 6.22 million units 28.0
Total energy production (standard fuel) 1.061 billion tons 2.2
1.141 billion tons of raw coal 2.2
Crude oil 144 million tons 1.3
Power generation capacity of 820 billion kWh 8.8
Steel 88.68 million tons 9.6
76 million tons of steel 13.5
Ten non-ferrous metals 3.298,000 tons 10.2
360 million tons of cement 16.8
61 million cubic meters of wood-1.2
1.314 million tons of sulfuric acid-6.7
5.3 million tons of soda ash 16.5
Fertilizer (100% discount) 2016 million tons-1.6
Chemical pesticides (100% discount) 249,000 tons, -1.3
Power generation equipment 15.34 million kilowatts 18.3
Metal cutting machine tools 262,000 units 14.5
1.31 million cars 22.8
37,000 tractors - 35.3
Industrial economic benefits have improved. In 1993, the comprehensive index of economic benefits of industrial enterprises increased from 89.5 in the previous year to 96.6. Among them, the sales rate of industrial products increased from 95.5% to 96,4%; the capital profit tax rate increased from 10.1% to 10.6%; the cost profit margin increased from 4.2% to 4.7%; the number of liquidity turnovers increased from 1.66 to 1.71; full labor production according to added value. The rate increased by 19.8%. However, the industrial value-added rate decreased by 0.6 percentage points compared with the previous year, and the loss of state-owned enterprises increased from 26,4% to 30.3%, and the loss increased.
The production and operation of the construction industry continues to develop rapidly. The annual added value of the construction industry was 210.5 billion yuan, an increase of 15% over the previous year. The construction area of state-owned construction enterprises is 305 million square meters, an increase of 17.8%; the completed area of housing construction exceeds 100 million square meters. The labor productivity of all employees increased by 8.5% compared with the previous year; the per capita profit-geneance tax reached 900 yuan, an increase of 4%.
New results have been made in geological exploration. In 1993, there were 166 new or newly confirmed mineral deposits as industrial deposits; 90 major newly discovered exploration areas; 30 kinds of newly added proven reserves, including 763 million tons of coal mine, 145 million tons of iron ore, 2.58 million tons of copper ore (metal) and 75.86 million bauxite. Tons. The geological exploration industry has completed a mechanical core drilling workload of 7.5 million meters.
III. Fixed asset investment
Fixed asset investment is growing rapidly. The whole society completed a fixed asset investment of 11,82.9 billion yuan, an increase of 50.6% over the previous year (deducting price factors, the actual workload increased by 22%). Among them, the investment of state-owned units was 832.1 billion yuan, an increase of 57.8%; the investment of collective ownership units was 209.2 billion yuan, an increase of 53.9%; and the individual investment of urban and rural residents was 141.6 billion yuan, an increase of 15.8%. Among the investment in state-owned units, capital construction investment was 464.7 billion yuan, an increase of 54.2%; the renovation investment was 219.2 billion yuan, an increase of 50.1%; the investment in commercial housing construction was 113.8 billion yuan, an increase of 124.9%; and other investment was 34.4 billion yuan, an increase of 17%. However, the total scale of fixed asset investment under construction is too large, and the investment structure is not reasonable. At the end of the year, the total planned investment of capital construction and renovation projects of state-owned units reached 2,327.1 billion yuan, an increase of 41.5% over the end of the previous year. After deducting the completed projects, the workload of unfinished projects reached 1,320 billion yuan at the end of the year, an increase of 60%.
Among the investment of state-owned units, the investment in the primary industry was 15.8 billion yuan, an increase of 19.6% over the previous year, and the proportion of investment decreased from 2.8% to 2.2%; the investment in the secondary industry was 385 billion yuan, an increase of 37.1%, and the proportion of investment decreased from 58.9% to 53.6%, including energy and raw materials. The proportion of industrial investment decreased from 39.5% to 35.6%; the investment in the tertiary industry increased by 73.7% by 317.5 billion yuan, and the proportion of investment increased from 38.3% to 44.2%. Among them, investment in the transportation, post and telecommunications industry increased more, from 14.7% to 20.2%. However, there are too many high-consumption buildings, high-end villas, resorts, and playgrounds.
All 133 large and medium-sized capital construction projects were completed and put into operation throughout the year, and 128 renewal projects above the limit. The major projects that have been completed and put into operation mainly include: Shanxi Shentou Second Power Plant with a generator set capacity of 1 million kilowatts, Wuxi Ligang Electric Power Co., Ltd. with a generator set capacity of 700,000 kilowatts, 309.7 kilometers of regular track laying mileage on the Lanxin Railway, and 143.9 kilometers of regular track laying mileage on the double line of Zhejiang-Jiangxi Railway. The first phase of the Qingdao Qianwan Port Area Project with a throughput capacity of 15 million tons, the 300,000-ton ethylene project in Shanghai, the Luoyang Petrochemical Plant with an annual processing capacity of 5 million tons of crude oil, and the Changchun Shuangyang Cement Factory with an annual output of 660,000 tons of cement.
In 1993, the main production capacity newly added through capital construction across the country was: 8 million tons of coal mining, 14.38 million kilowatts of generator sets, 15.42 million tons of oil extraction, and 1 billion cubic meters of natural gas extraction (oil exploration and natural gas extraction include renewable and other increased energy. Force), 1 million tons of ironmaking, 235,000 cubic meters of wood mining and transportation, 1.92 million tons of cement, 274 kilometers of new railway delivery and operation mileage, 553 kilometers of additional railway double line delivery and operation mileage, 192 kilometers of electrified railway delivery and operating mileage, newly expanded port throughput capacity of 37.52 million tons, new 3,556 kilometers of highways will be built, including 493 kilometers of highways.
IV. Transportation and Posts and Telecommunications
Transportation production has developed steadily. The added value for the whole year was 166.1 billion yuan, an increase of 7.5% over the previous year. However, the contradiction between the "bottleneck" of railway transportation is still prominent, and the guarantee rate of vehicles has further decreased.
% increase in 1993 over the previous year
The turnover of goods is 304.05 billion ton kilometers 4.1
Railway 11936 billion tons of kilometers 3.1
Highway 417.5 billion ton kilometers 11.2
Water transportation 136.72 billion tons of kilometers 3.1
Among them: 932.4 billion tons of ocean 3.2
Civil aviation 1.6 billion ton kilometers 22.4
Conduits 60.6 billion ton kilometers-1.8
Traveler turnover is 780.7 billion people per kilometer 12.4
Railway 350.5 billion people per kilometer 11.2
Highway 358.2 billion people per kilometer 12.2
Water transportation of 20.5 billion people 3.5 kilometers
Civil aviation 51.5 billion people km 26.9
The cargo throughput of major coastal ports is 670 million tons 10.1
The postal and telecommunications industry has developed rapidly. The annual added value was 24 billion yuan, an increase of 55% over the previous year. The total amount of post and telecommunications business was 46.1 billion yuan, an increase of 58.9% over the previous year. The growth rate of wireless paging and mobile phones is more than double. Telephone has become a new consumer for some households. By the end of 1993, there were 7.82 million residential telephone users, an increase of 3.672 million over the end of the previous year.
V. Domestic trade and market prices
The domestic consumer goods market is booming. In 1993, the total retail sales of consumer goods was 12237 billion yuan, an increase of 26.1% over the previous year (deducting price factors, the actual increase was 11.6%). Among them, 717.6 billion yuan in cities, an increase of 31.2%, and 506.1 billion yuan in rural areas, an increase of 19.5%.
Among the sales of various consumer goods, the number of goods eaten has increased and decreased. Among them, edible vegetable oil increased by 7.1%, aquatic products increased by 5%, wine increased by 4%, and the sales of grain, pork, fresh eggs, sugar and other sales decreased to varying degrees. Among the goods, the sales volume of cotton cloth were the same as the previous year, and the sales volume of various clothing increased by 16.1. %, wool and satin decreased by 3.6% and 4.4% respectively; among durable consumer goods, except for electric fans, black-and-white TVs, and bicycle sales decreased compared with the previous year, the rest have increased to varying degrees, among which color TVs increased by 17.4%, recorders increased by 8.9%, video recorders increased by 6%, and cameras increased by cameras. 6.5%, washing machines increased by 22.1%, and refrigerators increased by 23.9%.
The market for production materials is active. In 1993, material supply and marketing enterprises at and above the county level purchased 742.3 billion yuan of production materials, an increase of 34.6% over the previous year; sales of 779.6 billion yuan, an increase of 32.3%. However, the annual retail sales of agricultural production materials was 135.6 billion yuan, and after deducting price factors, it actually decreased by 7.8%.
Price reform has been further deepened. In 1993, the state increased its price reform, liberalized the factory price of most of the steel and some coal; increased the price of railway freight and electricity; liberalized the factory price of cement; increased the price of crude oil; and continued to liberalized the purchase and sale price of grain. These price adjustment measures have played an important role in changing the long-term low prices of basic products and infrastructure charging standards and promoting the formation of market mechanisms.
The overall market price rose sharply, especially in large and medium-sized cities, and the price of service items rose sharply.
The increase in various prices in 1993 compared with the previous year (%)
1. The price of living expenses of residents 14.7
Of which: Town 16.1
35 large and medium-sized cities 19.6
Rural 13.7
2. Retail price 13.0
Of which: food 14.3
Food 27.7
Edible vegetable oil 16.2
Clothing 6.2
Daily necessities 7.9
Cultural and entertainment supplies 1.6
Books, newspapers and magazines 7.1
Pharmaceuticals and medical supplies 9.2
Building decoration materials 28.8
Fuel class 35.0
3. Service item price 27.9
Among them: Town 30.8
35 large and medium-sized cities 38.6
Rural 25.7
4. Factory price of industrial products 24.0
5. Retail price of agricultural production materials 14.1
6. Purchase price of agricultural and sideline products 13.8
VI. Foreign Economy
The scale of import and export has expanded. According to customs statistics, the total export volume in 1993 was 91.8 billion US dollars, an increase of 8% over the previous year; the total import volume was 104 billion US dollars, an increase of 29%. The structure of import and export commodities has been further improved. The proportion of mechanical and electrical products exported has increased from 23% in the previous year to 24.7%, and the number of traditional primary products has decreased. The shortage of raw materials and mechanical transportation equipment in China has increased significantly. The exports of foreign-invested enterprises continued to rise significantly, with the annual export volume of 25.24 billion US dollars, an increase of 45.4%, accounting for 20.4% of total exports from 20.4% in the previous year to 27.5%. After deducting goods that do not receive and pay foreign exchange, the annual export is more than $4.6 billion in imports.
The use of foreign capital continues to grow at a high speed. In 1993, the amount of the new foreign capital utilization agreement signed was 122.7 billion US dollars, an increase of 76.7% over the previous year; the actual use of foreign capital was 36.77 billion US dollars, an increase of 91.5%. Among them, the amount of foreign direct investment agreement is 110.9 billion US dollars, and the actual investment is 25.76 billion US dollars, an increase of 90.7% and 1.3 times respectively. By the end of 1993, there were 167,500 registered foreign-invested enterprises, an increase of 83,100 over the end of the previous year.
Great development has been made in foreign economic and technological cooperation. In 1993, new contracts for foreign contracted engineering and labor cooperation were signed for 6.77 billion US dollars, an increase of 2.8% over the previous year; the turnover was 4.52 billion US dollars, an increase of 48.2%.
Good results have been made in the international tourism industry. Since 1993, China's foreign, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Macao and overseas Chinese tourists engaged in tourism, visits, business and various activities have reached 41.53 million, an increase of 9% over the previous year; the tourism foreign exchange revenue is $4.68 billion, an increase of 18.7%.
VII. Finance and Insurance
In 1993, the financial system conscientiously implemented the spirit of strengthening and improving macro-control by the central government, implemented a prudent monetary policy, and corrected the problems arising in financial work in a timely manner. On the basis of suppressing the excessively high scale of fixed asset investment and high currency investment and maintaining the stability of currency value, it vigorously organized deposits. It has increased credit investment in a timely manner, adjusted the structure, ensured the reasonable capital needs of national key construction, industrial and agricultural production, and the acquisition of agricultural and sideline products, alleviated the liquidity shortage of some key enterprises, and strongly supported the sustained, rapid and healthy development of the national economy.
At the end of 1993, the deposit balance of the National Bank was 232.45 billion yuan, an increase of 433.9 billion yuan or an increase of 23% over the end of the previous year. Among them, the balance of enterprise deposits was 767.12 billion yuan, an increase of 85.59 billion yuan over the end of the previous year, an increase of 12.6%, and the balance of urban and rural savings deposits reached 1476. 400 million yuan, an increase of 321.9 billion yuan, an increase of 27.9% over the end of the previous year; the balance of bank loans was 264.61 billion yuan, an increase of 484.6 billion yuan over the end of the previous year, an increase of 22.4%, of which the balance of working capital loans was 186.8 billion yuan, an increase of 19.5%; the balance of fixed asset loans was 5 17.1 billion yuan, an increase of 31.7%. By the end of 1993, the cash flow in the market was 586.5 billion yuan, an increase of 35.3% over the previous year, and the cash circulation in that year was 152.9 billion yuan; the generalized currency M2 increased by 24% over the previous year.
National foreign exchange reserves have increased. At the end of 1993, the country's cash balance was 21.2 billion US dollars (excluding foreign exchange deposits of the Bank of China), an increase of 1.76 billion US dollars from the beginning of the year.
The insurance industry has further developed. In 1993, the total amount of property insurance covered by the country was 5137.2 billion yuan, an increase of 12.6% over the previous year. 776,000 enterprises across the country have participated in enterprise property insurance, 130 million households have participated in family property insurance, and 250 million people have participated in life insurance. The insurance company handled a total of 6.903 million domestic property insurance claims, paid compensation of 13.7 billion yuan, and paid 9.1 billion yuan of personal insurance for 6.64 million people.
VIII. Science, Education, Culture and Health, Sports
The technology team has expanded. At the end of 1993, there were 25.51 million professional and technical personnel in state-owned enterprises and institutions, an increase of 2.3% over the end of the previous year. There are 5,852 state-owned independent research and development institutions at or above the county level, 3,000 scientific research institutions run by colleges and universities, and 10,200 scientific research institutions run by large and medium-sized industrial enterprises. There are 2.345 million people engaged in scientific and technological activities, including 1.373 million scientists and engineers.
Investment in science and technology has increased. In 1993, the expenditure of national scientific and technological institutions, colleges and universities, large and medium-sized industrial enterprises and other units for scientific and technological activities was 56.3 billion yuan, an increase of 33.7% over the previous year. Among them, the expenditure on research and development was 19.6 billion yuan, an increase of 16%, equivalent to 0.62% of GDP.
The cause of science and technology is booming. In 1993, the country has won a total of 33,000 major scientific and technological achievements at or above the provincial and ministerial levels; 781 achievements have been awarded by the state, including 175 national invention awards, 52 national natural science awards, 441 national science and technology progress awards, and 113 national spark awards. 77,000 domestic and foreign patent applications and 62,000 authorized patents were accepted, an increase of 15% and 97% respectively over the previous year. In 1993, four new national key laboratories were built. By the end of 1993, China had approved the establishment of 52 national high-tech industrial development zones, with 14,000 high-tech enterprises.
Quality inspection, standardization construction and weather forecast services have been further improved. In 1993, there were 1,500 product quality monitoring institutions across the country, including 233 national testing centers. 1,411 national standards have been formulated and revised throughout the year. A total of 1,874 transmitters of ultra-short-wave weather warning service systems have been established across the country.
The technology market is more active. In the whole year, a total of 246,000 technical contracts were signed nationwide, with a turnover of 20.76 billion yuan, an increase of 4.4% and 37.4% respectively over the previous year.
New progress has been made in various fields of education. The scale of ordinary higher education continues to expand. In 1993, 42,000 graduate students were enrolled nationwide, an increase of 9,000 over the previous year; there were 107,000 graduate students, an increase of 13,000. Ordinary colleges and universities enrolled 924,000 undergraduate and junior college students, an increase of 22.5%; 2.536 million students enrolled, an increase of 351,000. Secondary vocational and technical education continues to develop. In 1993, there were 7.623 million students in various secondary vocational and technical schools (including 1.739 million students in technical schools), accounting for 53.7% of the total number of 14.19 million students in high school.
Basic education has developed steadily, and new progress has been made in popularizing nine-year compulsory education. In 1993, there were 40.82 million junior high school students and 124 million primary school students. The enrollment rate of primary school-age children reached 97.7%; the enrollment rate of primary school graduates increased from 79.7% in the previous year to 81.8%. The dropout rates of ordinary junior high school and primary school students are 7.1% and 2.3% respectively.
The enrollment of adult academic education has increased rapidly, and various forms of technical training have been vigorously carried out. In 1993, adult colleges and universities enrolled 863,000 undergraduate and junior college students (including ordinary class students enrolled in TV University, correspondence and night university), an increase of 45.8% over the previous year; 1.863 million students, an increase of 26%; 2.068 million students enrolled in adult secondary professional schools, an increase of 32. 40,000; 53.42 million trainees in adult technical training schools; 8.563 million students in adult primary and secondary schools; a total of 5.482,000 illiteracy were eliminated throughout the year.
The cultural industry has developed steadily. At the end of 1993, there were 2,723 art performance groups, 2,897 cultural centers and 2,585 public libraries; 1116 museums, 3,585 archives, 983 radio stations, 725 medium and short-wave radio transmitters and relay stations, 683 TV stations, more than one kilowatt. There are 1,085 TV transmitters and relay stations, with 113,000 film projection units of various types. In 1993, 154 feature films were produced, 222 new films (feature films) were released, and 30 (times) films won awards at the International Film Festival. National and provincial newspapers published 19.9 billion copies throughout the year, various magazines published 2.43 billion copies, and books published 6.41 billion copies (sheets).
Health continues to develop. At the end of 1993, there were 2.795 million beds in hospitals across the country, an increase of 1.9% over the end of the previous year. There were 4.117 million professional health technicians, an increase of 1.1%; among them, 1.832 million doctors (including 1.373 million Chinese and Western doctors), an increase of 1.3%; 1.056 million nurses and nurses, an increase of 1.6%.
Excellent results have been made in the sports industry. In 1993 in major competitions at home and abroad, Chinese athletes won 103 world championships in 18 events, 37 people, 7 teams set 57 world records in 124 times, 81 people and 3 teams set 81 Asian records 242 times, and 176 people and 16 teams set 173 national records 368 times. Mass sports are booming. Nearly 89% of schools have implemented the National Physical Exercise Standards, and 86% of students have reached the qualified standards.
IX. Population and People's Life
In 1993, the national birth rate was 18.09‰, the mortality rate was 6.64‰, and the natural growth rate was 11.45‰. At the end of 1993, the national population was 118.17 million, an increase of 13.46 million over the end of the previous year.
Resident income continues to increase. In 1993, the per capita living income of urban residents was 2,337 yuan, an increase of 28% over the previous year. After deducting price factors, the actual increase was 10.2%. The per capita net income of rural residents was 921, an increase of 17.5% over the previous year. After deducting price factors, the actual increase was 3.2%. However, the income gap between regions and between urban and rural areas has widened, and the living standards of some residents have declined.
The pace of reform in the labor field has been accelerated, and the labor employment service system has been further developed. In 1993, the number of employment agencies at all levels grew to 13,000, and there were 7.05 million new employment in cities and towns throughout the year. At the end of the year, the urban unemployment rate was 2.6%. The state also provided living benefits for 128,000 unemployed workers. The labor contract system has made great progress, with 23.3 million contract employees in state-owned units, accounting for 21% of all employees in urban state-owned units. At the end of the year, the number of employees nationwide was 150.4 million, an increase of 2.48 million over the end of the previous year. There are 11.16 million employees and self-employed workers in urban private enterprises, an increase of 2.78 million.
The salary level of employees has been further improved. In 1993, the total salary of employees was 477 billion yuan, an increase of 21.1% over the previous year; the average salary of employees was 3,236 yuan, an increase of 19.4%.
Urban and rural living conditions continue to improve. In 1993, 266 million square meters of new houses were built in cities and towns, and 570 million square meters of new houses were built in rural areas.
Social welfare continues to develop. In 1993, there were 954,000 beds and 706,000 people were adopted in various social welfare institutions across the country; 40.51 million people received state relief from various social relief objects in urban and rural areas. 31.5% of townships across the country have established rural social security networks, and urban social service networks have also developed rapidly. 97,000 community service facilities have been established. The social coordination of employee endowment insurance continues to expand.
The development of environmental protection has been further accelerated. At the end of 1993, there were 81,000 personnel in the national environmental protection system, 2,290 environmental monitoring stations at all levels, and 33,000 environmental monitoring personnel. Among the national nature reserves, 10 nature reserves have joined the International Network of Man and Biosphere Reserves, and there are 77 national nature reserves. By the end of 1993, 313 environmental protection standards had been formulated, and 2,935 smoke and dust control areas had been built in 472 cities across the country, covering an area of 10,492 square kilometers, and 1,774 environmental noise standards had been built in 363 cities, covering an area of 3,689 square kilometers. In 1993, 5,737 environmental pollution control projects were completed, with a total investment of 2.54 billion yuan.
——————————
Note:
1 The statistics of this communiqué do not include Taiwan Province, Hong Kong and Macao.
2 The absolute number of GDP and value-added indicators of each industry is calculated at the current price, and the growth rate is calculated at a comparable price.