Chapter 597 Recalling the Past--930

During Suharto's 32-year reign, Chinese were suppressed and commonplace. Almost major Chinese exclusion events in Indonesia took place in the Suharto era. Behind this, what is clearly visible is the behavior of the Suharto government.

After Suharto's death in 2008, some media claimed that his death brought at least three secrets to the grave. One of them was Suharto, who was a major general at that time, was aware of the conspiracy to kidnap and murder six Indonesian army generals on the night of the "9·30 Incident" on September 30, 1965. Question mark

From September 30 to October 1, 1965, there was a shocking "9·30 Incident", which triggered the most cruel and bloody massacre in Indonesian history and led to Su Jiaruo's step down and Suharto's 32-year dictatorship. For a long time, although there are many doubts, the truth of the incident has been covered up. Since most of the people involved have passed away, it has become a difficult problem to solve this mystery.

In the early 1960s, the Communist Party of Indonesia quickly developed into a large party with 3 million members and became a political force that President Su Jiaruo could rely on. Su Jiaruo said clearly, "I am a friend of the Communists, because the Communists are revolutionaries."

In May 1965, he said, "Without the help of the Communist Party, Indonesia can never appear as a first-class power." "I love the Communist Party of Indonesia and regard it as my brother." Su Jiaruo's words and deeds aroused the resentment of the right-wing forces in Indonesia, especially the right-wing forces in the army. The "General Committee" in the army, which was supported by the United States and Britain, plotted to launch a coup to overthrow President Su Jiaruo.

On September 21, 1965, the "Generals Committee" composed of 40 senior army officers gathered secretly and dispatched troops from outside the capital Jakarta to prepare for a coup on the Army Day on October 5. These conspiracy activities were learned by Lieutenant Colonel Gong Yudong, the captain of President Su Jiaruo's guard. Together with Brigadier General Supa Zuo, the commander of the Fourth Military Region of Kalimandan of the Army's Strategic Reserve, and Colonel Delafo, he decided to take pre-emptive military action, kidnapped the main leaders of the army, thwarted the coup plot, and met with General Suharto, who had the strong military power of the Army Strategic Reserve at that time, twice. Report on the situation.

At 22:00 p.m. on September 30, Gong Yudong and others took action. Seven trucks full of armed soldiers in presidential guard uniforms set out from Harlem Air Force Base, arrived in Jakarta in the early morning of the next day, and then went to the residences of seven army generals to search for arrest. As a result, Lieutenant General Yani, Lieutenant General Panjaitan and Major General Hayono, the Chief of the Army Chief of Staff, were killed. Major General Supraputo, Major General Perlman and Brigadier General Sudozo were kidnapped to Harlem Air Force Base. Later, they were killed. Only General Nasutien climbed over and escaped from the wall.

On October 4, the bodies of the six killed generals and an adjutant were sent in a dry well in the crocodile hole near Harim Air Force Base. It is said that three of them who are alive have been tortured by the Indonesian Communist Party of Women's Organization. Their bodies have been mutilated, and some of them have even been dug out, and their birth andzhi qi have been cut off.

After the incident, Suharto, who had been silent, quickly commanded the army to carry out a comprehensive "counterattack".

One of Lieutenant Colonel Yudong's biggest negligence was to ignore the strength of Major General Suharto and not include the commander of the Indonesian Army's Strategic Reserve Command on the kidnapping list, which gave General Suharto and the Indonesian Army a chance to fight back. General Suharto's strategy is to connect the "September 30 Incident" with the Communist Party of Indonesia and even President Su Jiaruo to set off anti-Communist and Communist Party in order to seize the leadership of the army and the state. Therefore, in this sense, Lieutenant Colonel Gong Yudong's adventure fell into the trap set by Suharto and the Indonesian Army, giving them an excuse to wait for arrest.

At 6:00 a.m. on October 1st, Su Ha Tuo was sleeping at home. Suddenly, he received a report from a minister that there were many troops of unknown origin near the Monument to the National Heroes and the Independence Palace. Therefore, Suharto immediately put on his field uniform and drove to the Army's Strategic Reserve Command. At the same time, he has known that seven senior army generals have been kidnapped and is ready to temporarily take over the leadership of the army headquarters.

After arriving at the Army Strategic Reserve Command, Suharto quickly learned that President Su Jiaruo did not come to the Independence Palace, but went straight to Harim Air Force Base. At 7 o'clock sharp, Suharto turned on the radio, and he heard the statement of Lieutenant Colonel Gong Yudong for the first time. Since Gong Yudong was the adopted son of the Indonesian Communist Party leader Ayumin, Suharto concluded that the "September 30 Incident" was a coup plot instigated by the Indonesian Communist Party.

After listening to the radio, Su Ha Tuo immediately summoned the commanders of the two battalions who participated in Gong Yudong's adventure and carried out countermeasures against them.

At about 9 o'clock, Suharto held a meeting of the staff, analyzed the situation and formulated countermeasures. Su Hatuo first refuted the radio speech of Lieutenant Colonel Gong Yudong and said to the participants, "What Gong Yudong said has no factual basis at all." "The general committee does not exist at all. There is a jury, and the full name is the 'Judge of the title of Senior Army Officers'". I am one of the committee members." Protecting the safety of President Su is just an excuse for them. The reality is that at this moment, President Su Jiaruo is not in the Independence Palace.

Finally, he affirmed that Gong Yudong's action was not only aimed at the so-called general committee, but also had a more far-reaching strategy. They launched a coup and seized state power by violent means. These must have been planned by the Indonesian Communist Party.

The meeting decided to counterattack Lieutenant Colonel Gong Yudong, and Su Ha Tuo would command the counterattack.

After the meeting, Suharto immediately used the internal communication of the army, contacted the commanders of various services and local military regions, and informed them that he had temporarily taken over the command and leadership of the army, and only the commander of the army's strategic reserve command had the right to mobilize troops.

At about 11 p.m., Suharto discussed with his subordinates the plan to capture Radio and Telecommunications Bureau of the Republic of Indonesia, because these two key departments had been occupied by Gong Yudong's troops.

At 12:30, Suharto held the second staff meeting. The meeting mainly discussed the plan to capture Halim Air Force Base. Considering that President Su Jiaruo was there, Suhato issued a warning to the president. That night, the Su family was forced to take a car back to the Bogor Palace - Mrs. Hadini's residence.

On October 1, just after the dusk prayer time, the battle to capture the National Radio and the Telecommunications Bureau began. Under the leadership of Captain Hulu and Captain Ulip, the Army Assault Regiment entered the National Radio and Telecommunications Bureau. Because Gong Yudong's subordinates had fled, the army's army commando controlled the national radio station without resistance. At that time, the Telecommunications Authority was guarded by the People's Youth League of the Communist Party of Indonesia. They thought that the troops they drove in were their companions. Under such circumstances, it is easy to disarm the People's Youth League. Therefore, the Indonesian army occupied the State Radio and the Telecommunications Authority without firing a single shot.

At 7 o'clock, Indonesian National Radio broadcast General Suharto's recorded speech, which made the whole country known that Suharto was a hero of the rebellion. In his speech, Suharto told the audience across the country that on October 1, 1965, a counter-revolutionary riot and unrest broke out in Jakarta. They called themselves the "9·30 Incident". These people kidnapped six senior army generals and illegally occupied the Republic of Indonesia Radio and Telecommunications Authority of Jakarta. He also announced, "I am in control of the army for the time being. The army, navy, public security and troops of the Republic of Indonesia understand, cooperate with each other and unite to quell the counter-revolutionary activities launched by the September 30 Incident.

At about 11 p.m. on October 2, Suharto received a radio notice from President Su Jiaruo that he was asked to go to the Bogor Palace immediately. Suharto decided to go there by jeep. There, Suharto met the president and Air Force Commander Dani and others. President Su Jiaruo asked Suharto to solve the crisis in a political way, but Suharto refused. In the end, Su Jiaruo was forced to appoint Su Ha Tuo as the army commander responsible for restoring public order, while Major General Pranoto was responsible for presiding over daily affairs.

When Suharto returned to the Army's Strategic Reserve Command from Bogor, the Indonesian Army had captured Harim Air Force Base. Lieutenant Colonel Gongyu East no longer knew where he was going, and Aidi fled to Yogyakarta by plane. Admiral Dani, the commander of the Air Force, and his family were protected by President Su Jiaruo at the Bogor Palace. In the battle against Harim's base, there were only sporadic confrontations, with one killed in the army and two in the air force. So far, the "9·30 Incident" has been completely failed.

Australian Legg said in his "Political Biography of Su Jiaruo" that although the main facts of the September 30 event are well known, "it may always be indifferent to its details and inner meanings."

There are three main questions about this incident: First, does Suharto know that the seven generals are going to be kidnapped? Second, why is the name of Suharto, who holds military power and has an anti-communist attitude, not on the list of killed generals? Third, why did Gong Yudong brutally kill the captured general?

There are signs that Suharto has learned in advance that a group of young army officers will take action on the evening of September 30, 1965 to kidnap several army generals. Lieutenant Colonel Delafu, one of these young officers, once visited Suharto in a hospital in Jakarta and reported to him that they planned to take pre-emptive action against the "General Committee" that allegedly tried to seize power from President Su Jiaruo, who was the commander of the Strategic Reserve Force of the Indonesian Army at that time. According to Delafo, Suharto's reaction at that time was neutral.

After pacifying the September 30 Incident, the army leaders and right-wing forces led by Suharto began a comprehensive campaign against the Communist Party of Indonesia. On October 8, a conference of 500,000 people was held in Jakarta, and the parade burned the headquarters of the Indonesian Communist Party.

The unprecedented arrests and massacres kicked off.

According to incomplete statistics, in less than a year from the end of 1965 to the middle of 1966, about 500,000 people were arrested and more than 250,000 people were killed. The number estimated by international media is much larger, such as the London Economic News, which said that the death toll reached 1 million. At that time, there were many corpses floating on the surface of the Thoreau River, which flows through Jakarta, and the river bank was stained with blood. Not only Communist Party members, but also their relatives and even sympathizers were killed.

This massacre has been called the worst massacre in the world.

In the process of eliminating the Communist Party of Indonesia, the Indonesian military also targeted the presidential power of Su Jiaruo. Although the Su family tried his best to save the situation, he was gradually overshadowed by the obstruction of the military and right-wing forces.

On March 11, 1966, three generals came to Su Jiaruo's Bogor Palace, forcing Su Jiaruo to sign the so-called "Three One Order" and handing over administrative power to Su Ha Tuo. On March 7, 1967, under the pressure of the army, President Su Jiaruo was forced to hand over power. Su Ha Tuo became the acting president, while Su Jiaruo still retained the presidency. However, the military was still not satisfied with this. On March 12, 1967, the military-manipulated Interim People's Consultative Conference unanimously revoked the appointment of President Su Jiaruo and deprived him of all his powers.

This is the beginning and end of the 930 incident that shocked the world at that time. The number of deaths during that time was compared to Hitler's massacre of Jews. Although the death toll in that massacre was not as large as six million, the results of multiple research proved that it must be more than one million.

"Thirty years ago, one million living lives disappeared permanently from Indonesia, and the power of the republic also disappeared from this territory." When Tang Yu saw that period of history, he couldn't help sighing. Su Ha Tuo and others clearly adopted the Zhulian system of the old society at that time. They not only did not let go of the Communist Party members themselves, but also their families, and even killed their sympathizers, which was comparable to the literary prison in the Qing Dynasty. Of course, this incident also created After 32 years of dictatorship of Suharto's regime, this time, he seems to have the impulse to repeat the massacre of that year and want to continue his regime.

Of course, this time his goal is to change to the person who helped him 30 years ago.

In fact, most of the Chinese who stayed in Indonesia at this time were from the pro-Daiwan regime. The pro-communist Chinese were purged as early as the 930 incident, and the rest were also withdrawn to China. There were many overseas Chinese farms in the coastal area, which was to settle these people at that time.

At that time, it was Daiwan and the American authorities who helped Suharto. There were also many Chinese who helped the Indonesian government liquidate the pro-Mainland Chinese compatriots across the Strait, and most of these people became Indonesian in order to show loyalty. However, Suharto used the butcher knife for his own regime at this time. Let's be sure of this group.