Introduction to football

Football is currently the most influential single sport in the global sports world, so it is known as the world's largest sport! It is a sports event in which the two teams mainly dominate the ball, but they can also use the head, chest and other parts to touch the ball (except the goalkeeper, other players are not allowed to touch the ball with their hands or arms; goalkeepers can only touch the ball with their hands or arms in their own penalty area). A wonderful football match has attracted hundreds of millions of viewers. It has become an important content in TV programs. Reports about football occupy the space of various newspapers around the world. Nowadays, football has become an indispensable part of people's lives. According to incomplete statistics, there are about 800,000 teams that often participate in competitions in the world, and about 40 million registered athletes, including about 100,000 professional athletes.

The standard of the ball

FIFA approved eligibility criteria:

Perimeter: Between 68.5 cm and 69.5 cm.

Weight: between 420-445 grams.

History of development

In ancient Cuju football is an ancient fitness sports activity with a long history. It originated from a ball game "Cuju" in ancient China. Later, it was spread to Europe by Arabs and developed into modern football. Therefore, the hometown of football is China. It is said that the Greeks and Romans had been engaged in a football game before the Middle Ages. On a rectangular field, they put the ball on the white line in the middle and kicked the ball to the other field. At that time, they called this game "Haba Storm". Modern football originated in the United Kingdom, which originated from a war between them and Denmark around the 12th century. After the war, the British saw the head of a Danish soldier on the ground. Because the British hated the Danish soldier very much, they kicked the head. By the early 19th century, football was quite popular in some countries in Europe and Latin America, especially in capitalist Britain. It was not until 1848 that the Cambridge Rules, the first written rule of football, were born. The so-called Cambridge Rules are some rules formulated during the competition between London, Oxford and Cambridge in the early 19th century. At that time, there were 11 players in each team. At that time, there were ten students and one teacher living in each dormitory in the school, so they played a game between the dormitory and the dormitory for 11 people on each side. The current 11-person football match began from that time. On October 26, 1863, the British Football Association held a very important conference in the history of modern football in England. The return of the game has been drafted, but some provisions are far from today's rules. For example, at that time, there was such a thing: when the ball enters between the goal posts or passes over the space above, regardless of the height, as long as it is not thrown, hit or transported in by hand, it is counted as winning a ball. At that time, the position and formation of the players were also different from today: one goalkeeper, one defender, one forward and eight strikers in each team. Soon after the rules were made, the formation changed: a goalkeeper, two defenders, three forwards and five strikers. So the players in the last game are eleven. However, the data of many modern football superstar Ronaldo shows that ancient Chinese football appeared earlier than in Europe and has a longer history. In ancient China, football was called "Chuju" or "ta ju", "Chu" and "ta" both meant to kick, and "ju" was the name of the ball. The word "Cuju" is first recorded in the Biography of Su Qin, which is recorded in the Biography of Liu Xiang in the Han Dynasty and Yan Shi in the Tang Dynasty for the Biography of Han Shu · Mei Cheng. In the Tang and Song Dynasties, the "Cuju" activity had become very popular and became an elegant activity in the court. In July 1958, when Dr. Avilange, the former president of FIFA, came to China, he said that football originated in China. Of course, due to the limitations of feudal society, the ancient Chinese Cuju activities did not eventually develop into a modern football sport based on the principle of "fair competition". This qualitative leap was made in capitalist Britain.

The Birth of Cuju

In 307 BC, that is, during the Warring States Period, King Wuling of Zhao reformed and promoted "Hufu riding and shooting". The people of Zhao learned to ride horses and shoot arrows. The king of Zhao often takes his cronies out of the city on horseback, which is so majestic. One day, I came to a forest and saw several hares in the forest. As soon as the king's golden mouth was opened, "catch alive", so the soldiers divided into four ways and caught them together. Without wanting to be frightened, the hares rushed straight away from the flat seams of the horses and fled one after another. They found nothing. Everyone shook their heads and sighed. A counselor suddenly lit up and came forward to offer a plan, "Your Majesty, this kind of encirclement is very interesting. We might as well use the ball instead of the rabbit, and we can play it every day without leaving the palace." It's a good idea. "Zhao Wang added that you are fully responsible for this matter." As a result, football was born in China. But at that time, it was still a horse riding exercise, which was called "Cuju".

The word "Cuju" was first recorded in the Biography of Su Qin. When Su Qin lodified King Xuan of Qi, he described Linzi: "Linzi is very rich and real, and its people are all those who blow poles, drums and bows." "Tan" means "Chu", which means kicking. Ju, the ball, is the ancient football. There are records about Cuju in Xijing Miscellaneous Records, Salt and Iron Theory, Cuju's New Book and Liu Xiangbie Record in the Han Dynasty. During the Three Kingdoms, the Jin Dynasty and the Northern and Southern Dynasties, the habit of Cuju was still popular. In the Tang Dynasty, Cuju was still a very common sport. Du Fu said in a poem: "Ten years of Ju will be far away, and thousands of miles of swing customs are the same." However, there has been a great development. There are three main ones:

(1) There is an inflatable ball: "The Factual Garden of the Song Dynasty" contains: "Yan Shigu notes Huo's disease bud field and kicks Ju Yun: 'Ju takes the skin, but actually uses hair, and it's a joke.' Yan said that Ju was like this, and Tang Ji was different at the end. Xu Jian's "Record of Begins": "Today's Cuju is called a play. In ancient times, it was knotted with hair fiber, but now it is made of skin, and it is closed with cells.

(2) Set up a goal: "Literature General Examination" "The cover of the ball began in the Tang Dynasty. It planted two bamboos, several feet high, and the net was connected to the goal to measure the ball; the ball was two points left and right, and the horns won or lost. Isn't it the change of time?"

(3) Various kicking methods: double goal kicking: It is recorded in Tang Renzhong Wuyan's Balloon Fu. Single-ball goal kicking method: a glimpse can be seen from the Cuju Map. No goal kicking method: one or more people kicking alone, which is called beatingju; two people kicking each other is called white beating; three or more people playing together is called playing, such as three players and four people playing.

The first recorded fan

Xiang Chu was the first recorded fan in the Western Han Dynasty, but his experience was very unfortunate. According to the Biography of Bian Quecang, a famous doctor Chunyu meant to see a doctor for Xiang and told him not to be overworked, but Xiang didn't listen and still went out to play football. As a result, he vomited blood and died, which also made Xiang Chu the first enthusiastic "football fan" in the world.

The first debut list in history

The "Old Things of Wulin" in the Southern Song Dynasty once listed the list and positions of the two teams in the "Thirty-two people building ball" competition: "Sixteen people in the left army: Zhang Jun, Wang Lian, Zhu Xuan, Shi Ze, Ding Quan, Zhang Lin, Sanli Hu Chun, etc.; 16 people in the right army: Li Zheng, Zhu Zhen, Zhu Zhen, Zhu Xuan, deputy hostage Zhang Ning, left pole net Xu Bin, right pole net king, Sanli Chen Jun, etc." I'm afraid this is the first "starting list" of football in history.

The first football club

Chinese arts and crafts master Zhu Bingren said: "At present, the earliest well-documented Cuju group in China, Hangzhou Qiyunshe, was born 800 years earlier than the 131-year-old Manchester United Football Club." During the Southern Song Dynasty, Lin'an (Hangzhou) established the "Qiyun Society", also known as the "Yuan Society", which was responsible for the competition organization and promotion of Cuju activities. This is the earliest individual sports association in China, similar to today's football club; it can also be said that it is the earliest football club in the world.

The professional books of Cuju in the Song and Yuan Dynasties mentioned Qi Yunshe many times. There are records about Qi Yunshe in many historical documents, including the Water Margin. However, many historical facts about "Qi Yunshe" have yet to be verified. Zhu Bingren said, "The specific address of Qi Yunshe has not been verified, but from the historical facts of the Cuju business near Yujie at that time, it can be concluded that Qiyunshe is in Yujie, and Yujie is the current Zhongshan Middle Road."

In July 2009, Manchester United went to Hangzhou to participate in the competition, and Zhu Bingren presented the commemorative album of "Qi Yunshe" to Manchester United. Manchester United said, "This is a wonderful collision between the world's best modern football club and the world's earliest ancient football club."

The development of Cuju

Han Tang Cuju

The Han and Tang Dynasties were the most prosperous period for the development of ancient Chinese football, and developed into a direct confrontation competition. In the Tang Dynasty (A.D. 6180-2007), the ball used by Cuju was changed from filling the hair to blowing with the mouth, and two goals were used to replace the "ju room" at the same time. In the Song Dynasty (from 956 to January s. January s, ), Cuju Ju developed the competition of double goals and single goals, as well as clubs called Qi Yunshe or Yuan Club, and the balls used were blown by people's mouths to pumped with air, which became closer and closer to modern football.

In the Han Dynasty, Cuju was a means to train soldiers and formulated a relatively complete system. For example, if the court is specially set up, it is stipulated to be a rectangle in the east-west direction, and there are six symmetrical "ju fields" at each end, also known as "ju room", which is guarded by one person. The site is surrounded by walls. The game is divided into two teams, with each other's attack and defense, which is determined by the number of times they enter the opponent's bow room.

After the initial popularity of the Han Dynasty, the Cuju activity reached ** in the Tang and Song Dynasties, and even the kicking method of division according to the position on the court appeared. There are many ways of Cuju in the Tang Dynasty, such as "playing Ju" with the number of top balls in the game, "playing" in the middle of the field, "playing" similar to net football, "Yueju" where many people participate in the competition, and the game of setting up the goal. In this way, each team has a certain number of people and a fixed position, stipulating that players can only play in their own positions. Can't move.

British football

In the Han Dynasty, there was a football field dedicated to the game, which was called "Jucheng". Jucheng is rectangular, with six Ju rooms at each end, which are in the shape of a moon hole and symmetrical. There are walls around the field. The Tang Dynasty was the prosperous period of Cuju activities. During this period, not only did it have great development, but football began to export to the outside world, and the first place to land was Britain.

Cuju was originally exported as a complete product. Due to the underdeveloped transportation at that time, the transportation field was very backward. After months of long journey, when Cuju arrived in the United Kingdom, the horses were exhausted and there was only one ball left. But such a ball is still regarded by Britain as a treasure, only for the exclusive activities of the royal family, and people are prohibited from enjoying such entertainment activities.

In the 11th century, the Danes invaded England. One day, when the English were digging the battlefield, they accidentally dug out the skulls of several Danes. Thinking of the evil of the Danish invasion, these Englishmen were extremely angry. They raised their feet and kicked the skull fiercely. In addition to relieving their anger, they felt the fun of playing football. Therefore, more and more English people who dug the battlefield participated in the "ball" and more. A group of children came to play when they saw it, but they found that the skull kicked and their feet hurt, so they replaced it with cow ** blowing - this is the birth of modern football. This patriotic behavior moved the King of England. In order to reward the people, the King of England ordered the royal football to open to the people. Soon, football spread among the people and became a popular sports and entertainment activity.

At the beginning of the 12th century, Britain began to have a football match. The competition is an entertainment activity, twice a year, usually held between the two cities. The host threw the ball into the air, and the game began. The two sides will rush up, shout, kick and hug. Which side can kick the ball into the other side's downtown area, which side will win. If the ball rushes into the residential house halfway, the athletes will rush in and kick randomly, often smashing the things in the house, and the owner has to sigh for bad luck. When pedestrians on the road encounter a ball rolling in, they will suffer a flying disaster. Therefore, at that time, as soon as the game came, people had to avoid the disaster and close their doors until the end of the game. Such a game was strongly opposed by the citizens, and the British government issued a ban: football matches should be played on open spaces, and those who enter the downtown area will be heavily punished, so there is a special football field.

On October 26, 1863, the world's first football organization, the Football Association of England, was established in London, and the rules were unified. Modern football was officially established.

Since the 2nd Olympic Games in 1900, football has been listed as an official event of the Olympic Games, but it does not allow professional athletes to participate. FIFA was founded in Paris on May 21, 1904. Since 1930, the World Football Championship (also known as the World Cup) has been held every four years, and restrictions on professional athletes have been removed. Since then, modern football has been developing day by day.

In medieval England, football has become a popular activity for many young people. They chased the ball on the narrow street and often kicked it on the windows of people on the street. So the king of England had to order a ban on playing football. From the 12th century to the 16th century, the King of England issued a "football ban" four times. However, due to the special charm of football, the ban failed to make it annihilated.

In 1857, the world's first football club was founded in Sheffield, England. In 1863, the first football association was established in England. Since then, organized football, subject to certain rules, has spread from Britain to Europe and the world. At the end of the 19th century, football became quite popular in Western European countries. At the first Olympic Games in 1896, football was listed as one of the events. As a result, Denmark defeated Greece 90-0 and became the first champion of Olympic football.

In 1904, football associations from seven countries: Britain, France, the Netherlands, Belgium, Spain, Sweden and Switzerland established the International Football Federation in France.

Cross-generational

Football is highly confrontational. Athletes adopt various movements allowed by the rules in the game, including: running, stopping, turning around, falling to the ground, jumping, bumping, etc., and competing fiercely with their opponents.

The long competition time, large audience and large competition venue are beyond the reach of any other sports. Traditional football is composed of 20 regular hexagons (white) and 12 regular pentagons (black) with a total of 32 pieces of skin. The ball used in football is made of cowhide and rubber, which is smaller than basketball. Football matches are divided into 11-a-side, 7-a-side and 5-a-side. The age group includes U15, U17, U19 national Olympic group, adult group and youth group, etc. The Frenchman Guerin was elected as the first president of FIFA. [ 1]

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The world's first movement

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