Immortal background

At the beginning of the chaos, there is nothing in life, and the heaven and earth are connected into one piece. Only a chaotic green lotus is bred in it. The green lotus has five leaves, 24 petals blooming, and form a lotus seed. At the end of hundreds of millions of years, the lotus seed cracked, and the Pangu god was born with a heavenly axe in his hand. Pangu God was dissatisfied with the endless depression in the chaos, so he used the sky axe to split the heaven and the earth. After the opening of heaven and earth, the heaven and earth were unstable. Pangu God put his feet on the blue sky and feet on the earth, growing ten feet high every day, making the sky increase by one foot higher every day, and the earth thicker by ten feet every day. After 18,000 years, the world is fixed. Later Pangu God felt that there was nothing in heaven and earth, so he turned into a flood: the left eye is the sun, the right eye is the moon, and his hair becomes stars; blood becomes rivers, lakes, and seas become thousands of miles of fertile fields; bones become vegetation, tendons and veins become roads; teeth become gold and stone, essence become pearls; qi is wind and clouds, sound is thunder, and sweat becomes rain and dew. When Pangu God fell, his head and limbs turned into five mountains, but the backbone became the fulcrum between heaven and earth... But the belly turned into a sea of blood. The sea of blood was tens of thousands of miles, and the blood waves were rolling in it. Fish and shrimps were not popular, and birds and insects did not come. The anger of heaven and earth were all gathered here, and the people called this place a sea of dark blood. The ancestor of the Styx River, with Abi and Yuantu, was born from the sea of blood. Later, because of the lich war implicating the human race, the ghosts after the death of the human race wandered around between heaven and earth because the earth had not yet turned into six reincarnations at that time, and there was nowhere to go. Therefore, the Styx created the Asura family with the help of the sea of blood and the soul of the human race. At the moment when the Pangu god fell, three clear qi and twelve turbid qi escaped from his body. The three Qingqi rose into Taiqing Taishang Laojun, Yuqing Primitive Tianzun, and Shangqing Tongtian Taoist. The twelve turbid gas descended into the twelve ancestral witches, which are: the ancestor witches of gold. Ju Mang: The ancestor witch of wood. Gonggong: the ancestor of water. Zhu Rong: The ancestor witch of fire. Tianhao: The ancestor of the wind. Xuan Ming: The Ancestor Witch of Rain. Qiang Liang: The Ancestor Witch of Thunder. Yizi: The ancestor witch of electricity. Dijiang: The ancestor of space speed. Zhu Jiuyin: the ancestor witch of time. Luxury corpse: the ancestor witch of the weather. Houtu: the ancestor witch of the earth. Because the Kaitian axe could not withstand the resistance of Kaitian, the axe turned into a Taiji map and a Pangu flag, and the axe blade turned into an ancient sword of Jade Immortals, and the handle of the axe turned into a chaotic clock, collectively known as the four innate treasures! The chaotic green lotus was also damaged by the cracking of heaven and earth. The twenty-four petals of the lotus flower turned into twenty-four jade ultimatums, which recorded three thousand avenues, and most of them were obtained by Hongjun, and they realized the way. The five leaves of chaotic green lotus turned into the innate spiritual treasure and the five elements of heaven and earth (the central Wuji apricot yellow flag, the oriental green lotus treasure color flag, the southern ground flame flag, the western plain cloud boundary flag, and the northern Xuanyuan water control flag); its roots are transformed into three congenital spiritual roots (respectively Bodhi wood, ginseng fruit, gourd root), and only the lotus stem does not know the end. . ( It is also said that the lotus stem has turned into a treasure cliff of Hongjun.) The witch is a Pangu vein, which is born to control all the elements of the flood and wilderness. The witches hope to be sanctified like the father god of Pangu, so they only refine the body, not the yuan god. The witch clan is led by the twelve ancestor witches. The twelve ancestor witches are Pangu's blood that provokes the fierceness of heaven and earth. It is the strongest existence in the body. Everyone has a quasi-holy realm. It is called the Twelve Heavens Evil God Array, which is the first fierce array in the flood and famine. No one dares to block its front! In the sun star transformed by Pangu's left eye, Di Jun wrapped in the innate spiritual treasure river Tuluoshu was born. Taiyi was born holding the innate treasure Chaos Bell. Di Jun and Taiyi once listened to Hongjun's sermon in the Zixiao Palace and cultivated an extraordinary ability to become holy. Di Jun and Tai Yi established a demon palace in 33 days. Di Jun called himself the Demon Emperor and Tai Yi called himself the Eastern Emperor. Kun Peng, the demon god who listened to the Tao in the Zixiao Palace, was the demon master and led the world's demon clan. For a moment, the demon clan was in the limelight. The demon clan had a Zhou Tianxing battle array comparable to the witch's twelve-day evil god array. The two tribes of lichs are born enemies. They have been fighting with each other for millions of years, killing and injuring countless times. Finally, Sanqing and everyone interoperate to form a situation where the demons control the sky and the witch control the earth. The two are slightly peaceful! However, the good times did not last long. In order to compete for the ruling rights of heaven and earth, the demons and witches launched a life-and-death battle. Both sides used the most powerful moves to divide the whole flood and famine into 9 pieces. In the end, the unique tricks of the Lich and the two races destroyed five continents, leaving Dongsheng Shenzhou, Nanfubuzhou, Xiniu Hezhou and Beiju Luzhou. The remaining five continents are scattered, collectively known as the Thirteen Overseas Islands. In the end, only the great witch Chiyou was left, and the back soil incarnated into six reincarnations. The demon clan only has Lu Pian (the tenth sun). There is a book that Lu Pian later went to the West to teach and became the Great Sun Buddha. According to the mainstream opinions on the Internet, after the land pressure, Buddhism became the Great Buddha and Wuchao Zen Master (different incarnations of the same person), among which Wuchao Zen Master once appeared in Journey to the West. ( Regarding Lu Yan, there is another saying that Lu Yan is the innate spirit of fire, the same as Hongjun. The Great Sun Buddha is that Duobao was turned into a Buddha by Laozi West from Hanguguan, established Hinayana Buddhism, and divided the Buddhist luck)

Myths are generally divided into three categories: creation myths, gods and Buddha myths, and hero myths. Among them, the creation myth is the most important.

The so-called creation myth refers to the myth that records the origin of things and systems in the primitive period of human beings. Among them, it is generally roughly divided into three types: world origin myths, human origin myths and cultural origin myths.

The so-called myth of the origin of the world refers to the myth that describes the origin of the "world" and "universe". Take the Bible as an example, in which Genesis belongs to this kind of myth. Because the content discusses the origin of cosmic phenomena such as the earth, sun and moon.

However, not all national myths contain the myths of world origin. For example, the myth of American Indians is a myth based on the existence of the universe. In addition, there are some national myths, not only the origin of the world, but also the origin of culture.

However, no matter what kind of myth it is, all myths have a common theme when they are enlightened, that is, the universe evolved from the beginning of chaos to the rules of order.

The basic form of almost all myths is the result of land, mountains and rivers in chaos. Japanese mythology is a typical example of the myth of world origin. In Japanese mythology, it is mentioned that the great god stirred the muddy universe with a spear, and then the earth formed and the mountains and rivers formed. Similar myths also appear in the myths of other peoples in the world.

As for the so-called myth of human origin, what is usually described is the whole process of human beings gradually separating from animals and then gradually becoming a special species in the world. For example, it narrates the myth of how human beings learned to use language, how humans know the myth of using fire, the myth of how humans began to build nests, and the myth of how humans separated from animals. And these myths are actually the beginning of a world order and rules.

Through the above myths, people will have a clear understanding of the historical evolution of the world and understand how the world has evolved from chaotic ignorance to countless orders and rules.

Compared with the record of the evolution of the universe in the creation myth, the myth of gods, Buddhas and heroes are more dramatic, recording the deeds of gods, Buddhas and heroes. Generally speaking, the more civilized the area is, the smaller the proportion of creation myths, while the proportion of gods, Buddha myths and hero myths will increase in the opposite proportion. This is a natural trend, but it does not mean that the content of the creation myth is reduced, but because the content of the myth of gods, Buddhas and hero myths is constantly expanding. In contrast, the proportion of creation myths is much less. Greek mythology is a typical example. In Greek mythology, the proportion of creation myths is very small, and a large number of stories of gods, Buddhas and heroes have become the vast majority of stories in Greek mythology after a long period of accumulation.

Because the myths circulating in civilized areas are widely known, many people think that the so-called myths refer to the stories of these gods, Buddhas and heroes. However, it is a pity that this kind of myth with a large number of gods, Buddhas and heroes actually only accounts for a very small part of world myths; in other words, such myths are just special cases in world myths, not normal.

From the perspective of religion, the myth of gods and Buddhas is actually a phased product of intellectuals in civilized areas who lost interest in the history of creation and began to believe in gods. After this transitional stage, it is followed by the so-called heroic narrative poetry. Because intellectuals gradually lost interest in the gods, they turned to worship the heroes around them, and hero myths and hero narrative poems prevailed.

Modern people are not interested in the Book of Genesis in the Bible, and it is only spread among the apostles. It is generally believed that this is the same as the theory of the evolution of myths. Of course, Genesis is included in the Old Testament for another major reason.)

Edit this paragraph [Myths from all over the world]

Asia: ● Chinese Mythology ● Korean Mythology ● Vietnamese Mythology ● Japanese Mythology ● Indian Mythology ● Thai Mythology ● Cambodian Mythology ● Ancient Babylon Mythology ● Mesophetnamese Myth

Europe: ●Nordic Mythology ● Celtic Mythology ● Roman Mythology ● Greek Mythology ● Slavic Mythology

Africa: ●Egyptian Mythmyth ●African Myth America: ●Indian Mythmyth ●Maya Mythmyth ●Aztec Myth ●Inca Mythology

Edit this paragraph [Comparison of Myths]

There are many kinds of myths, divided into categories. Let's first explain the three older ones

Celtic myth:

Celtic mythology was born during the reign of Rome, so the story of heroes and resistance is the main body of Celtic mythology. It is a pity that Celtic myths have been circulating for a long time, so a lot of wonderful stories have been lost. In other national mythology, the king is the son of God, and in Celtic mythology, the heroic king will become a god. The legend of King Arthur is the most famous Celtic myth. In addition to the story of the round table warrior, it also derives the story of the Holy Grail around a big pot of King Arthur. Movies with this mythical shadow include King Arthur's Sword, The Legend of Avalon, Wolf Warriors, Highlander, Beowu and Glendale

Greek mythology:

Greek mythology originated in Crete in the Aegean Sea, including early nature worship and later idolatry. In addition to the twelve main gods of Mount Olympus, there are many low-ranking gods in Greek mythology. The ancient Greeks lived surrounded by the gods. The gods in Greek mythology are not perfect. They are sometimes jealous, angry, selfish, and disorder is also common. Every generation of gods won the throne by betraying his father: Ulanos was exiled by Cronus and Zeus; Zeus was afraid that his children would deal with him in the same way, so he swallowed the pregnant Demes, but in the end he had to cut open his head to let Athena come out. Movies with this mythical shadow include: Iason and the Golden Fleece, Chronicles of Narnia

Nordic mythology:

Nordic mythology originated in Scandinavia. In response to the harsh natural environment, the gods and heroes in Nordic mythology have the strongest fighting spirit in the world. After the death of the furious warriors and heroes, they will enter the Valhalla Temple, drink and have fun during the day, practice endlessly at night, and prepare for the final battle with the devil. However, the result of the struggle is desperate - they know that they will die at the end of the world, including the main god Odin, who will also be devoured by Fenrel, but no god or hero is willing to give in to fate. Knowing that they will die, they still fight to the end. It is a little comforting that the end of the world is not the end of everything. There is a tree of life in Nordic mythology, which will bring new life and civilization, and the eagle that protects the world will continue to hover at the highest place. The movies with this mythical shadow include: The Thirteenth Samurai, The Son of the Monster, and The Return of Warcraft.

Edit this paragraph [Research on Myths]

The knowledge of "myth" has a long history. There was a study of mythology as early as the Greek era. The initial mythology was divided into two schools of theory; one school regarded mythology as a "fable", while the other school believed that mythology reflected the historical facts of the times, that is, the famous "euhemerism". It can be seen that in the Greek era, people have become accustomed to the spread and spread of myths.

After that, the study of mythology stagnated for a long time. It was not until the 18th century to the first half of the 19th century that several pioneers of modern mythology appeared. Later, in the second half of the 19th century, with the vigorous development of comparative linguistics, "comparative mythology" came into being. The most famous theory at that time was Max. "Natural Mythology" of Muller FriedrichMax. However, this school specializes in researching specific objects such as storms and sun in mythology, and has not expanded into the scope of all mythological research.

At that time, it was the so-called "anthropological school" that competed with the natural mythology. The representative is the Scottish scholar Andrew Lang. Based on the theory of cultural evolution at that time, Lange found that myths were the root of the barbaric customs of unopened nations. At the same time, he also confirmed for the first time that myths were not unique to Indo-European languages, but cultural images around the world.

After entering the 20th century, the research methods of mythology have become more diversified.

At first, the so-called "etiquette" was popular in mythology. Many scholars have introduced early anthropology, assuming that all myths are the matrix of etiquette. Etiquette is a school theory formed by mythologists explaining this hypothesis. Among the works on etiquette, the most famous is James. The GoldenBough by James George Frazer. However, the results of later research and investigation prove that the assumption of this doctrine is completely wrong. However, as far as the large number of mythological examples collected in the book "Jinzhi" are valuable to future research, etiquette still has certain academic significance.

So far, some "methodological" methods are still used as the research theory of myths. The first is the research method of historical ethnology; this method is to determine the distribution of myths around the world, and then find out their positioning in cultural history according to their region. Such a research method obviously requires large-scale field investigation, which has had a great impact on the early school of natural mythology. But then Adolf. In his early research on the world of cultivated culture, Adolf Jensen has shifted from the positioning of cultural history to the positioning of human cultural history.

The second is the so-called "functionalism" research method. Wang Wenshengyi, this research method focuses on the function of finding myths, that is, seeking the ultimate purpose of myths and stories for culture, history and other aspects.

In his investigation of Melanesian mythology, the British scholar Bronislaw Kaspar Malinowski found that the purpose of the myth is to give the social system a justification. He pointed out, for example, it was the mythical actions of the ancestors of the four clans when they burst out of the grottoes that determined the ranks of the four clans in Rabia.

In addition, the American anthropologist Clyde Kluckhohn came to this conclusion, citing the example of NavahoIndians. The so-called culture is to teach people what is the threat of supernatural phenomena, and then teach people how to face the threat of these supernatural phenomena. The function of myth and etiquette is not consistent with the meaning of culture itself. Although the Navajo Indians do not have so-called statutory law (law) and do not have an absolute authority as a chief, the main reason why this tribe can maintain unity for a long time is that all their members have common myths and etiquette.

Next is the research method of "structuralism" advocated by Claude Levi-Strauss. Structuralism breaks all the methodology of the past. It does not stick to which specific constituent elements in mythology, but does a comprehensive overall study.

It can be imagined that structuralism has brought great changes and impacts to mythological research. In the past, comparative myths focused on the similarity of content, but since Li Weisto, even if it seems to be different, it has produced new insights by looking at the whole. Because of this, the research and analysis of mythology has become more in depth and breadth.

Different from the great changes that Levi Struo has brought to the study of mythology, the French comparative mythologist Qiao Zhi. Georges Dumezil continues to work on the mythological comparison of Indo-European languages and put forward the structural model of the so-called "ternary system". Qiao Zhi. Du Megir believes that the king, the warrior and the producer are the three most basic ideologies of mythology.

In addition, there is a mythological research method cut from "psychology", that is, the research method used by Sigmund Freud, who shines brilliantly in psychoanalysis. Freud has a mythological research book "Totem and Taboo". Although the research results in the book are not recognized by the society, the importance of "unconscious" he proposed has had a considerable impact on later mythologists. In addition to Freud, another psychologist, Carl Jung, through the analysis of many dreams, found out that there is a very regular principle of interaction between earth goddesses like Dimit in Greek mythology and their opposite dreamers. Jonge also named this principle "archetype".

Edit this paragraph [Types of myths of the origin of the world]

The myths of the origin of the world are roughly divided into the following six:

1. The creation of the creator out of nothing

2. Produced from the corpses of primitive humans (giants)

3. Born from the egg of the universe

4. Born by the original parents

5. It arises naturally in the continuous evolution of the universe

6. Born from the soil of an animal from the bottom of the sea

In addition to these six, there are actually some special cases, such as those containing more than two of the above-mentioned compound origin myths.

The first myth of the creator out of nothing, the most famous is the Old Testament. The world in the Old Testament begins with "light", which is a typical "being born out of nothing".

The second species is produced from the corpse of primitive humans, and the most famous is Ymir, a primitive human of Edda. In addition, after killing the evil god Tiamat, Marduk, the god of goodness in EnumaElish in Mesonet, tore the body of Tiyamat and created it into heaven and earth. In addition, for example, Pangu Kaitian in China is actually the same myth of the birth of this kind of corpse.

The third one was born from the cosmic egg. The best example is the Finnish Kalevala. In this myth, the sky, earth, the sun, etc. are all born from the eggs of the eagle. The world origin myths in Greek mythology actually belong to this category. Among them, the most eye-catching is Eros, the god of roots (God of love).

The fourth one was born from the original parents. Usually, the so-called "original parents" are two gods. They first connect and then create the world. In Japanese mythology, there are also two gods, the life of Iyanaki and the life of Iyanami. According to the records of Japanese mythology, Japan was born after their marriage. In the myth of the Yoruba people in Africa, it was first connected by Olokun, the supreme god of heaven, and Olorun, the god of the original water on earth, and gave birth to two original gods, and then one of the original gods created the world with a handful of soil (this myth is the fourth and The sixth kind of compound myth).

The fifth one is natural in evolution. The creation myth of the Korean Peninsula is a typical example, but this myth has always been little known.

The sixth kind is made of undersea soil, which is particularly rich in Indian mythology in the Americas. In the mythology of the Hurons, a toad came ashore from Haiti with soil, and then the soil was transformed into the universe. In the mythology of other tribes, there are also stories of birds and beasts such as Podicepsruficollis or sea turtles sneaking into the sea and bringing mud ashore.

Edit this paragraph [Other common topics]

In addition to the origin of the world, there are many other common themes among the origin myths of various peoples.

In the "Human Origin Myth", there are myths of gods creating the world, and there are also myths of creatures other than gods. The former is divided into the myth that the creator independently creates the myth of human beings, the creator creates the myth of human beings with the power of an assistant, or the creator and his assistant fights with each other to create the myth of human beings. The latter can be divided into the myth of human beings generated by the corpses of primitive giants, the myth of human beings generated by the evolution of animals, and the myth of human beings produced by a sacred big egg.

In the "destructive myth", it can also be roughly divided into the following types. First, there is the primitive flood myth. Most of these myths are connected with the sixth myth of the world's origin, the myth that the universe is born from the earth under the sea. The second is the myth of the cosmic war flood. To put it simply, a flood was caused by the fight between the two gods. This kind of myth usually ends with a pair of brothers and sisters who live after the disaster, and let human beings reproduce after intermarriage. In addition, it is a cosmic flood myth. Such myths usually do not explain the cause of the flood. They only know that the flood occurs and human beings almost perish. As for the result of the flood, there is usually a pair of brothers and sisters after the disaster. Finally, there is the myth of punitive floods. The cause of the flood is that the gods decided to destroy the heinous human beings. When people see this kind of myth, ordinary people always think of Noah's Ark. In fact, this kind of myth is spread all over the world. For example, there are the same type of myths and legends circulating on the Indonesian peninsula.

In addition, such as the origin of death, the origin of fire, the origin of crops, the origin of women, the origin of turbulent spirits (Trickster), cultural heroes, the origin of royal power, etc., are also common themes of many myths.