Chapter 288 The New Era of the Democratic Federal Republic of China

Spring of 1918.

After the domestic situation gradually stabilized, Hu Chuyuan and Emperor Guangxu reached an agreement, and finally let Emperor Guangxu take the initiative to abdication during his tenure.

From the period when Qu Hongji was Prime Minister, although Qu Hongji himself said that he did not want to end the imperial era during his term of office, he still did a very important thing, that is, he banned the normal activities of Emperor Guangxu.

During the period when Hu Chuyuan was the first prime minister, Emperor Guangxu often appeared in the eyes of the Chinese people, disaster relief and sacrificing to poverty alleviation. During the period of Qu Hongji's cabinet, these activities were banned.

From then on, Emperor Guangxu was basically far away from the Chinese people.

For so many years, Guangxu's year number is still in use, but few people really see Guangxu or see Guangxu's news in the newspaper.

According to the secret contract between Hu Chuyuan and Guangxu, the central government once compensated Guangxu and Aixinjueluo royal family for 200 million yuan, and invested 500 million yuan to buy the Forbidden City and other royal palace gardens, as well as all the antique cultural relics inside.

The royal mausoleum of the Qing Dynasty belongs to the state property, which is funded and maintained by the central government every year, and the descendants of the Aixinjueluo family are allowed to worship every year. Guangxu and his imperial concubine are still buried in the imperial mausoleum after their death.

After abdication, Guangxu's family lived in Chengde Summer Resort, with the establishment of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, and Chengde Summer Villa will continue to belong to the property of the Aixinjueluo family.

In addition, Guangxu requires that each cabinet must have a Manchu cabinet minister, and the three northeastern provinces should be transferred to the autonomous province.

Hu Chuyuan refused these two requirements.

Although the cabinet has set up a minister of ethnicity, it is usually held by Hui and Mongolians. There is definitely nothing wrong with Manchu people. The proportion of Han people in the three northeastern provinces has exceeded 85%, and the Manchu people are less than 10%. It is impossible to establish an autonomous province, let alone a Manchu autonomous province.

As a replacement promise, Hu Chuyuan promised to set up at least three Manchu autonomous counties, and there would be no more suppression of the Manchus.

On April 7, 1918, Hu Chuyuan and Guangxu reached a secret agreement. After discussion within the Dagong Party, the cabinet and the parliament, they were finally officially announced on May 1, 1918, and the Guangxu abdication ceremony was held.

On May 10, 1918, the National Assembly passed a new bill, officially declaring the establishment of the Ming Dynasty Federal Republic of China, collectively known as China. It adopts the Gregorian calendar year. May 10 is the commemoration of the founding of the People's Republic of China. The national flag is red, yellow, blue and white, which is similar to the Spanish national flag. The flag is composed of three parallel rectangles, and the top and lower are red. Color, accounting for 1/4 of the flag, bright yellow in the middle, there is a dark blue circle at the golden dividing point on the left side of the bright yellow rectangle, with nine white seven-pointed stars in the center, red and yellow colors symbolize yellow, yellow also symbolize yellow people, blue symbolize the sea and sky, nine stars symbolize the land of Kyushu, and the seven-pointed star is like The composition of a multi-ethnic country and the unity of the nation.

Guangxu's abdication and the official end of the Qing Dynasty will inevitably cause great waves in China. The Conservative Party's opposition is very loud, but everything is still within the range that Hu Chuyuan can control.

There has been no backbone of the Conservative Party in the army, and it is difficult to guarantee the situation of the National Guard forces and provincial governors. However, the National Defense Force has almost fully returned to the defense zone, and no one dares to move.

To be honest, if Hu Chuyuan dies, it will be the biggest thing in China.

As long as he is not dead, the country will not be in chaos, and no one dares to cause trouble.

On May 25, the National Assembly passed a new constitution of the Republic of China, confirming that the People's Republic of China will adopt a parliamentary system of two heads of state, that is, there are two heads of state, the president and the prime minister at the same time. The term of office of the head of state is five years, the maximum term of office of the president is three, and the term of office of the prime minister is two terms.

The highest regional leader of the autonomous state of the Chinese Mingzhu Federal Republic is the chief executive, and the highest regional leader of the overseas provinces is the governor.

The presidential election was officially held for the first time in 1918. It was voted by members of Congress. The prime minister election was held two years later than the presidential election. It was voted by state legislators, which was actually the leader of the majority party and the ruling coalition.

The President is the highest nominal head of state and has the command of the army, navy and air. The Prime Minister is the supreme leader of the Central Cabinet and is responsible for managing the Prime Minister's Office and the country's administrative and foreign affairs.

The state adopts a system of separation of powers and establishes a central court. The justices are for life and appointed by the president.

This system is basically the result of mutual discussion between Hu Chuyuan, Lu Guangquan, Liang Qichao and others. Compared with the common parliamentary cooking system, in China's parliamentary cooking system, the president holds two very key rights - military leadership and judicial appointment power.

However, the president still has no right to veto the Prime Minister's legal surname, but the members of the National Assembly vote for a no-confidence bill. When the no-confidence bill reaches 2/3, the Prime Minister must step down and make a new choice for the Prime Minister.

In addition, China does not adopt a direct suffrage general election system, but promotes the process of cooking and state management in the mode of majority party governance.

In this case, there will be no national election in China, and the largest election will be the election of senators in various provinces. This is because China's situation is relatively complex, and there is a possibility of division in many regions. The parliamentary cooking system can well suppress this force.

Even if the elected senator is a representative of the separatist forces, he cannot be a member of the majority of the ruling party and has little influence on the political axe.

As long as the Prime Minister himself has no moral surname, and the country has not encountered a special crisis, it will usually not have a motive for distrust.

Among the current congressional senators, the Grand Duke Party accounts for 90%. After the passage of the new constitution, Hu Chuyuan officially became the new president. Lu Guangyuan, who is second only to Hu Chuyuan, became the prime minister, while Lu Guangyuan gave up his rank of general in the army.

According to the Constitution, the Prime Minister is usually elected two years later. If it is a provisional election, the provisional term must also end two years after the end of the presidential election.

At this time, many things can no longer be decided by Hu Chuyuan alone. He also doubts whether Lu Guangqian has the ability to be a prime minister. Although he still has the ability to let Lu Guangqian fall and make himself more valued Wang Chaoqing and Yang Shiqi take office, in order to ensure the unity within the Grand Duke Party, he did not have this. Don't do it.

His task has been completed. For Lu Guangzuan, it may be... Finally, he has survived.

Fortunately, Lu Guangyuan still has special respect for Hu Chuyuan.

It is his business to make cabinet members, but he still discussed with Hu Chuyuan one by one. There may be no way. More than half of the officials who really have the ability to govern in China are still Hu Chuyuan's direct lineage.

Lu Guang Quan's network ranks second, which is still far from comparable to Hu Chuyuan.

Hu Chuyuan recommended a large number of new candidates to Lu Guangxuan, but the backbone is still the old group of cabinet ministers. At this time, he is still stable.

After Lu Guangzheng was reorganized, Hu Chuyuan, who continued to be the chairman of the Dagong Party, focused on the training and education of new party members. He promoted Qiu Jin to one of the three vice-chairmen and let her serve as the director of the Standing Committee of the Women's Rights and Interests Committee of the National Assembly.

Through his own strong contacts of the Dagong Party, he also arranged more young talents to serve in the local area to train them well, and he also watched these young people.

The key to why China has been so stable and steady for so many years lies in Hu Chuyuan.

For so many years, he, the helmsman, has trained too many talents for China, administrative, military, economic, scientific and technological... In all aspects, he has constantly innovated, so that a group of young people have emerged into the tide of the times.

He is the pusher.

The pushers behind countless successful people.

Although he was reluctant to leave, he stayed with him for so long. Liang Qichao, who had already been cultivated very pure, was also elected as the mayor of Shanghai this time, starting a new journey.

Hu Pinyuan, the second of the Hu family, did not get a good seat, but he was still a senator. He served as the director of the Standing Committee of the National Studies Committee, which was better than nothing. Most of his energy was devoted to collecting antiques.

After playing for so many years, Hu Chuyuan is a little enough, and he basically doesn't play much. Only when Hu Pinyuan finds him, he will play seriously. If he likes it, keep it. If he doesn't like it, he will continue to let Hu Pinyuan take it back.

Hu Weizhong did a good job from Novosibirsk. In order to train him, Hu Chuyuan used some methods to transfer him to Huayao as a Chinese special observer.

After five years of work, if his results are still very good, Hu Chuyuan wants him to participate in the election of the mayor of Shanghai.

There is no word "member of parliament" in China. Senators are members of parliament. There are also members of the House of Representatives in China. Representatives are qualified to elect one in each city. The House of Representatives and the Senate add up to the National Assembly.

However, the power of the House of Representatives is small, and only participates in the legislative process of Congress, and the national budget review process is only held in the Senate.

Provincial councillors are elected by counties, because it is a clear parliamentary system of the centralized system. After the election of provincial councillors, the governor must be approved by the National Assembly. If the National Assembly does not pass, the Provincial Assembly must be re-selected. If it still cannot be passed, it will be elected by the House of Representatives.

This program is designed to prevent provinces from electing governors with obvious reading tendencies.

For a huge country like China, the National Anti-Secession Law is certainly the most important. Therefore, as soon as Lu Guang Quan took office, the first thing he did was to push the Anti-Secession Law to be approved by Congress.

A little bit, a little bit, time flies by like this.

For Hu Chuyuan, he has done almost everything he wants to do in his life.

Of course, there is one thing he hasn't done yet.

That's the atomic bomb.

Hu Chuyuan firmly believes that the best way to protect the huge Chinese Mingzhu Republic he has worked hard to build is by force, and the most powerful force is the atomic bomb.

Before that, he had begun to accumulate carefully. At Aurora University, he had been seeking to establish the best physics research center in the world.

During World War I, he took the opportunity to invite Madame Curie to Zhendan University to teach and engage in scientific research. Before that, he invited Einstein, Max Planck, the father of quantum mechanics, and Ernest Rutherford, the father of modern nuclear physics, to Zhendan at all costs and costs. The university established the Planck Institute of Physics.

With the attraction of Max Planck, Einstein and Rutherford, especially during World War I, Aurora University almost attracted the best physicists in Europe. With the defeat of Germany, Aurora University continued to absorb the best chemical experts in Germany in terms of the original chemical research advantages.

Now, a large number of the most famous or talented physicists in the world, such as Bohr, Kapiza, Hertz, Laue and Lang Zhiwan, are concentrated in Aurora University.

Similarly, many physicists with special talents have been born among the Chinese people, especially the Chinese researchers of Aurora University. The most concerned is Pang Zongming, who proposed quantum field theory and established a quantum field theory model, as well as quantum uncertain surnames, and wrote Quantum Theory. Li Ruhua in the book Physical Principles.

It's too early to propose an atomic bomb now.

Hu Chuyuan hopes that the Planck Institute of Physics and Tesla Laboratory can continue to operate to cultivate enough talents and create more technology for China.

Ernest Rutherford and Max Planck have trained a large number of physicists and chemists for China and the world at Aurora University, while Tesla's laboratory is even more unique. It is difficult to give birth to a Nobel Prize winner here, but here, a large number of new technologies appear almost every day.

Almost 90% of the existing key technologies in the world's power industry were born in Tesla's laboratory. There are not only high-voltage technologies, but also low-voltage and microelectric technologies such as refrigerators, induction cookers, and nickel-lithium batteries, as well as radio technologies such as radar systems and radios.

Even microwave ovens and Tesla Labs have models. The technology gushing out of Tesla Labs is widely used in China and the United States. IATA Group, Shanghai Yinghua Group under Wells Fargo Heavy Industries, China Power Investment Corporation and Siemens Group all rely on this laboratory to quickly rise to become the strongest in the world. A giant in the electrical industry.

There is also a Marconi laboratory corresponding to the Tesla laboratory, which is specially used in communication technology research, and the Bell laboratory in the United States reflects each other.

The world is undergoing great changes, and all changes come from technology.

Technology is changing China, and China is changing the world.

Nikola Tesla's energy is still strong. As the most reputable scientific and engineering expert in the world, he is also the richest scientist in the world, but he has long ignored wealth and constantly used the endless resources of the laboratory to develop a variety of technologies.

In the field of ballistics and communications, he has also made a lot of achievements. The domestic secret missile project is based on the theory he proposed. In atomic physics, he also has a number of research results related to electronics. He is also engaged in wireless telephone research and plasma theoretical research. He even proposed The concept of launch vehicles and satellites, and the construction of satellite design models.

There is a kind of person in this world who is called a genius.

This kind of person is a genius.

It is difficult for ordinary people to understand what they are thinking.

(to be continued)