Chapter 289 New China 1922

China is developing rapidly.

The speed is far beyond what people can imagine, and this change is to a large extent difficult to judge with data.

In 1922, the world economy has gradually escaped from the quagmire and abyss of World War I. China's gross national product is already 1.45 times that of the United States in terms of data.

U.S. GDP can maintain a growth of 2%-7% every year. During World War I, especially in 1916, it reached 13%, which is the most amazing period of growth, while China's GDP has been maintained at 7%-12% for a long time. If there is no fiscal control during the highest period, it is completely possible to break through. 15%.

Although the Sino-British Colonial Cooperation Treaty has been significantly revised and the sales of Chinese goods in the British colonies have been limited to a certain extent, Chinese goods still maintain more market share in the competition between China and the United States with similar treatment.

In the past five years, China's investment in its colonial system has also gradually achieved results. The total GDP of protected countries, autonomous states and overseas provinces has increased by 4% per year. Among them, the GDP of Ukraine, Poland and Romania has increased by more than 7% per year.

After further strengthening the terms and binding force of the Asia-Europe Alliance, since 1918, the total annual investment of Chinese capital in Ukraine, Poland and Romania has exceeded 2 billion yuan, and a complete new industrial system has been established in the three countries, of which the Fukang consortium accounts for about 70% of the total investment.

In 1921, Greece, which had been neutral, also chose to join the Asia-Europe League and obtain larger-scale investment in the alliance. As a condition for joining, Thessaloniki returned to Greece.

After the agreement was reached, China gave Greece a five-year support loan of 450 million yuan for education, agricultural support and infrastructure.

With the support of the political axe, modern heavy industry began to dominate the development in Greece, focusing on the mining resources and basic industrial systems of Albania, Macedonia, Seville, Bulgaria and Turkey, and focusing on the development of industry in Greece.

The level of the Chinese navy's garrison in Greece, Albania, Istanbul and Cyprus has been improved. It is garrisoned by the Fourth Fleet. The overall establishment is comparable to that of the three major fleets of the Central Headquarters. The main fleet is located in the military port of Volos.

In Germany, the BASF consortium under the Fukang consortium returned to Germany and developed steadily with Deutsche Bank and UBS as the core, while increasing investment in Poland, Ukraine, Romania and the Balkans.

By continuing to deepen the educational and technical cooperation between the two countries, the number of Chinese students in Germany has gradually returned to the pre-war level. The total number of international students in Germany has exceeded 11,000, and the number of German students in China has also increased to more than 1,000.

The major provinces in China have basically achieved the second stage of national education. There are 56,000 primary schools, 14,000 middle schools, more than 2,700 high schools, more than 3,000 intermediate vocational schools, 274 universities and senior vocational colleges.

The penetration rate of compulsory education in the country has reached 84%, with more than 1.13 million students in universities and senior vocational colleges, and more than 4 million students in senior high schools and intermediate vocational schools.

Within China's colonial system and the Asia-Europe Alliance, China's foreign education assistance began to gradually increase, and the number of foreign students in China increased to 27,000 every year.

Yanjing, Hong Kong, Tianjin and Singapore have successively set up new international zones to allow foreign citizens to live for a long time and hold the right to live in the international zone. China's immigration policy towards foreign countries is becoming more and more open, and it continues to retain multiple nationality recognition. In 1921 alone, the number of applications for naturalization of foreign citizens reached 470,000, and due to historical problems, Russians accounted for about half.

Correspondingly, China's higher education is becoming more and more international. The number of foreign professors and faculty members in domestic universities reached 47,000 in 1921. The country has also implemented a favorable skilled immigration bill to give preferential tax policies for a certain period of time for foreign highly educated citizens.

Zhendan University, Furen University, Tianjin University, Nankai University, Yanjing International Studies University, Shanghai International Studies University, Hong Kong Foreign Studies University, Nanyang University, Singapore University of Technology, Jiangnan University and Hong Kong University are all typical international universities in domestic universities. The proportion of foreign faculty and international students is higher. Over 30%.

China is changing rapidly.

Hu Chuyuan, who has suffered a lot, has always maintained a relatively free and relaxed attitude towards China's education. In China, every student must learn a foreign language, but not necessarily English. English, French, German, Russian and Spanish are acceptable.

In terms of the overall education structure, China's education system is still modeled after Germany.

Intermediate vocational schools are the most important talent base in China. More than 70% of intermediate vocational schools belong to the national countries, and tuition fees are basically free. Especially relying on intermediate normal schools, a large number of teachers are trained for primary and secondary school education, laying a solid foundation for the rapid realization of universal education. Similarly, the number is more Many intermediate industrial and technical schools have trained a large number of excellent technicians.

Unlike high schools, China's intermediate vocational schools are usually four-year. On the basis of three and a half years of high school education and professional education, there will be half a year of internship education, which will be assigned to various factories for internship.

All factories in China have the obligation to accept interns, and also continue to have the obligation to provide employees with at least five hours of on-the-job education per week.

Therefore, in the usual case, it is easier for students with secondary vocational education to find employment. Higher vocational education is generally a three-year system, and both high school students and secondary vocational students can apply for the examination.

The extraordinary attention to vocational and technical education and the spirit of comprehensive study of Germany for many years have made China have an almost insurable advantage in the manufacturing industry.

China's substantial progress in the electrical industrial revolution is difficult for even the United States to catch up.

As of 1922, the total installed capacity of China's electric power has been 3.7 times that of the United States. The total of the whole Europe, firepower, hydropower, geothermal, natural gas and diesel engines can be generated, as well as wind power generation and tidal power generation.

The great revolution of the entire power industry, the construction of rural power grids, the promotion of remote telephones, the promotion of the large agricultural economy, the comprehensive promotion of mechanized farming, the large-scale expansion of roads and railways... Everything seems to be China in the next century, standing in this era of unequal competition with other countries.

Steam engines are about to withdraw from China, and it is difficult to find that even in areas with insufficient electricity, at least diesel engines and gasoline engines can be seen.

In most rural areas, tractors, harvesters, transplanters and other agricultural vehicles are already very common. In more remote rural areas, cattle farming and horse farming can basically be popularized in every household.

After years of population control, China has basically realized the central and rural economic policy. In regions and provinces with a relatively small population, the economic policy for rich farmers has also been popularized. Among the 293 million agricultural population, about 17 million households have reached the standard of 30 mu per household for rich farmers, and more than 92% of farmers have reached The index of 12 mu/household of the Zhongnong standard.

With the increase of domestic agricultural land supply, the agricultural tax policy has begun to adjust. In the case of no more than 120 mu, the agricultural tax will not be increased. In the relatively sparse population and overseas provinces, this data will continue to increase.

According to the data of the National Bureau of Statistics, about 1.77 million farmers in China have more than 100 mu of land, and 54% are concentrated in Novosibirsk, Western Siberia, Summansia and Northeast China.

In overseas provinces, it is common to have more than 1,000 mu of land. Under the regulation and control of the state, a large number of farmers have gone abroad to develop and operate plantations overseas through unified agricultural societies.

Domestic animal husbandry and conventional agriculture have different statistics and tax standards. Animal husbandry is the country's more important agricultural economy. In Inner Mongolia, Outer Mongolia, Novosibirsk, Southwest Siberia, Northeast Province, Ili Province, Qinghai Province, Tibet Province, Gansu, Ningxia, Shanxi and Shandong, the animal husbandry economy is becoming More and more important.

The introduction of internationally and domestically improved pasture, as well as the business model of credit cooperatives, are constantly enhancing the development effect of domestic animal husbandry.

After years of development, China has surpassed the United States in the total amount of animal husbandry and become the world's largest animal husbandry country. It has become the world's largest exporter of cashmere, wool, camelloin, cowhide, fox skin, mink, rabbit velvet, dairy products, meat products, goose down and duck down. It is also the largest processing exporter. .

Today, when tea sales are gradually weakening, China has gradually become the eleventh largest coffee producer in the world and the second largest coffee processor and exporter in the world.

Since 1898, coffee has been tested in Yunnan. By 1922, Yunnan coffee has quickly occupied a very important position in the world. It is famous for its high quality and quantity, and has the largest output among the middle and high-class coffee varieties.

In terms of the planting area and yield of corn, peanuts, cotton, soybeans, wheat, rice, potatoes, rape, sugar cane, tobacco, natural rubber, Chinese medicinal herbs, palms, sorghum, grapes, walnuts, tea, hemp, mulberry, apples, peppers, peppers... China ranks among the top in the world.

Interestingly, China is also the second largest producer of wine and apple brandy in the world, second only to France. The American ginseng wine based on apple brandy produced in Shandong has sold well in the world and has won many international agricultural gold awards.

In Shandong Province, Xinjiang Province and Yili Autonomous Province, the area of grape cultivation has expanded.

In the past 14 years, the International Agricultural Gold and Silver Awards have been won by China almost every year.

Without the great development of agriculture, China would not be able to have today.

In terms of industry, China still firmly occupies the status of the world's largest metallurgical country. The steel production capacity reached 24 million tons in 1922, the export of electrolytic aluminum and aluminum alloy profiles accounted for 90% of the world share, and the export value of the electrical industry accounted for 57% of the world's total electrical product exports.

China has great advantages in the top ten industrial fields of electric power, automobile, chemical industry, metallurgy, train, shipbuilding, machinery, textile, food and communication, and the emerging field of household appliance manufacturing, which are supported by the central government.

Through the domestic mandatory electric train system, the domestic electric train technology is far ahead of other countries. The train projects of Wells Fargo Heavy Industry and Jiangnan Heavy Industry have always been the main export leading industries of the two major conglomerates.

In the field of shipbuilding, China and Britain have also begun to shake the gap. The luxury cruise ship built by China has won the Atlantic Blue Ribbon Award for many years in a row. The container and oil tanker system created by Hyundai Heavy Industries has made the world's shipping industry, 30,000-ton and 50,000-ton container ships and oil tankers built by China occupy more than 7 in the international market. At present, Hyundai Heavy Industries' Fuzhou Shipyard has begun to build 100,000-ton oil tankers and container ships.

In the fields of textiles, electrical appliances, food, communications, machinery, chemical industry, etc., new enterprises of non-three major heavy industries continue to emerge and gradually become the mainstream of domestic industry.

In the field of automobile manufacturing, Hyundai Heavy Industry, Jiangnan Heavy Industry and Fuguo Heavy Industry are the most important automobile manufacturers in the world, with a domestic production capacity of more than 1.44 million vehicles.

Hyundai under Hyundai Heavy Industries, Jiangnan Heavy Industries's China, Shenbao, Mustang, and Fuguo Heavy Industries's Great Wall are all very well-known automobile brands in China. Through capital operation, Wells Fargo Heavy Industries has controlled Mercedes-Benz Automobile Company in Germany, Bentley Automobile Company in the United Kingdom, and Chevrolet in the United States, greatly increasing the total sales of cars in the international market.

Jiangnan Heavy Industries acquired the German Bavarian Machinery Factory and entered the European market. Hyundai Heavy Industries entered the French colonial economic system through the merger and acquisition of French holding Peugeot Motor Company and OPPLE Group, and moved the headquarters and production base of OPPLE Group to Greece, Spain and France.

Among them, the Chinese sedan of Jiangnan Heavy Industries has become the vehicle designated by the head of state.

In general, the shipbuilding of Hyundai Heavy Industries, the cars of Jiangnan Heavy Industries, and the aircraft of Fuguo Heavy Industries, whether at home or internationally, are their advantageous projects.

The HF-20 of Fuguo Heavy Industries is the cargo transport aircraft with the highest load tonnage and reliable surname in the world. The KF-135 is a "super-large" passenger aircraft with 135 seats. It is also the passenger aircraft with the highest sales volume in Europe and the European and the United States.

Throughout the world, China continues to maintain its position as the world's largest trade surplus country, and further surpasses the United States to become the world's largest creditor.

In the Nordic market and the Russian market, through the efforts of the Anglo-Dutch Fortis consortium, the Netherlands, Denmark, Sweden, Norway, Finland, Russia, Poland and Germany have reached the Oslo Trade Reciprocity Treaty and established the Nordic Trade Organization, while China, the United Kingdom and the United States have successively joined the organization and become the three non-Northern European member countries.

In this regard, China has also expanded its trade volume in Northern Europe and spread the power of the Anglo-Dutch Fortis consortium and BASF consortium to the whole of Northern Europe through the Oslo Treaty.

At this stage, although the investment scale of foreign capital in China continues to increase, the total ratio is less than 7%. The large-scale outflow of domestic capital has entered various markets in China's sphere of influence, and is also constantly squeezed into the European market. The competition between the South American market and American capital has intensified.

Relying on the support of the Fukang consortium, Rio Tinto has gradually penetrated into the markets of Brazil, Venezuela, Chile and Peru. Zhihuatang, a subsidiary of Zhongrun, has also set up a new dairy base in Argentina to sell dairy products in South America.

Driven by Chinese capital, the economic aggregates of Greece, North Korea, the Philippines, Thailand and Romania have all entered the top 30 in the world, and the economies of Congo, Persia, Osman, Ukraine and Poland have also entered the top 20 in the world.

The total value of the stock markets of Shanghai, Hong Kong and Singapore has exceeded that of London. The domestic banking competition has begun to intensify. There are more and more new capitalists. The stock marketization characteristics of most banks are very obvious. Usually, dozens of big capitalists can collectively control a bank.

Although the challenges encountered by the Fukang consortium are becoming more and more intense, Hu Chuyuan is convinced that this is an unprecedented good thing.

Through the dispersion of shares of its CITIC Bank, China Merchant Bank and Industrial and Commercial Bank of China, it made small cash out of the Yangtze Bank and Huishang Bank in China. At the same time, with the gradual recovery of European assets, the Fukang consortium began to re-enter the U.S. market and competed with the Russell family and Morgan family for the controlling stake in the Bank of America. .

Taking advantage of its huge financial empire and huge leverage, even the most powerful Morgan family and Rockefeller consortium in the United States can't stop the Fukang consortium from forcibly increasing its holdings in the stock market.

With almost no effort, the Fukang consortium regained control of the Bank of America Group, and achieved a stable controlling stake of more than 51% over the Bank of America and the Bank of New York. Through the counterattack of the American consortium, the Fukang consortium continued to consolidate its control over the three major groups of Standard International, International and Wanqi, and controlled the American Finance. The group's assets in South America are also in control.

In April 1923, Hu Chuyuan, through the work of the Fukang consortium and other domestic capitalists, skillfully took advantage of the debt problems of France and Spain to officially transform Morocco into a protectorate of China, controlling 90% of the world's total phosphate reserves.

With the rapid development of the domestic economy and good investment in the central state-owned assets, the fiscal revenue of the central government in 1922 has reached 5.57 billion yuan, about 626.5 million pounds, equivalent to 2.43 times the annual fiscal revenue of the United Kingdom.

Among them, state tax accounts for 53%, state-owned capital investment income accounts for 37%, overseas provincial import and export tariff withdrawal accounts for 7%, and other income accounts for 3%.

With the increasing national income, the Chinese navy's military spending is also more abundant. The naval military spending is 37% higher than that of the United Kingdom, 24% higher than that of the United States, and 42% higher than that of France. It still maintains the minimum speed of two new battleships, one battlecruiser and three destroyers every year, constantly strengthening the navy.

Britain, the United States and France were forced to continue to increase the number of main battleships to compete with the Chinese navy.

(to be continued)