13 Shadows of the Balkan War

After the founding of the Republic of China, the Qing Dynasty has not yet abdicated. Russia has instigated the "independence" of Outer Mongolia. The issue of Outer Mongolia has caused great trouble to the internal and foreign affairs of the newly established Nanjing Provisional Government. Sun Yat-sen has always been very concerned about the regime in Outer Mongolia. Everyone knows that if he is not handled properly, he will become a sinner for thousands of years. He fully understands the seriousness of the situation and is also related to his reputation. Therefore, Sun Yat-sen's attitude has always been relatively resolute, so it is necessary to emphasize territorial integrity and national unity.

When the Nanjing Provisional Government of the Republic of China was established on New Year's Day in 1912, Sun Yat-sen, as the president, proposed the "five-ethnic republic" as one of the goals of the founding of the country. However, Sun Yat-sen himself also knew, "The so-called independence is for the separation of the Qing court and the alliance of the provinces, and Mongolia and Tibet are the same." It's just self-deception.

With the ups and downs of the new Republic of China, Sun Yat-sen hopes to find a solution that can solve the serious crisis in the northwest border without losing the national system. However, Li Xiang's intention is already obvious. The commander-in-chief of the Anxi Revolutionary Army's solution to the northwest frontier is to think with his knees that it can't be a mouth but a barrel of a gun!

"Since the declaration of independence" in Outer Mongolia, the national public opinion was in an uproar, and the "Mongolism Theory" has been launched, the "Salvation Association" and "Boycott Group" have been established in Shanghai, Beijing, Hankou and other big cities. There are joys and sorrows." Sun Yat-sen sighed and said that he was worried first. "The Mongolian-Tibet region and the mainland were at a bad relationship in the past, and there was a gap between them. Now it is even more so than before. If you want to solve this problem, you have to solve the diplomatic problem first."

Miss Song added: "After taking office as the president, Mr. Kunsan Norbu, Nayantu, Bodisu and other Mongolian princes in Beijing, told the situation and announced the policy, hoping that they would send representatives to the participating countries in Nanjing. The telegram refers to Chen: Although the political system is more, the country is still a country... Han and Mongolia are of the same kind. Human rights are originally gifted, and they are suitable to combine with groups to seek happiness together... And the Russians are ambitious and ready to go. The situation in Mongolia is particularly difficult... The northwest order is maintained. Pray for the intention of the general, inform the Mongolian compatriots, work hard, work together for a great plan, be patient, and don't misunderstand... But the princes of the Beijing-Mongolian Federation call and answer is very simple, that is, I hope that Mr. Yuan Shikai will recommend him as the president.

Hu Hanmin also said, "The president is right. If you want to solve the Mongolian-Tibetan issue, you must solve the diplomatic problem first. The President and I have been discussing the Foreign Declaration these days. This is a draft. You can have a look first.

Li wants to nod his head and can succumb to others without fighting. Of course, he likes to see it. It's just that China is weak and has no intention to fight with robbers. Robbers may not be afraid of you.

Hu Hanmin said, took out a stack of manuscripts from under the coffee table. The Foreign Manifesto was put here, and it seemed that it was written.

Li wanted to take it silently and watch it with Huang Xing. The previous text was gorgeous and mostly nonsense. Li Xiang glanced by. It was not until he saw the eight articles listed below that Li Xiang took a closer look: The first three suddenly wrote: All treaties concluded between the Manchu government and other countries before the revolution are considered by the Republic of China to be effective, and as for the expiration of the treaty... Before the revolution, the Manchu government For foreign debts and recognized reparations, the Republic of China also recognizes the responsibility of repayment and does not change its conditions... The government of the Republic of China also respects the rights of countries or individuals ceded by the government before the revolution.

Li Xiang threw an angry manuscript at Hu Hanmin, and pieces of paper scattered all over the hall like snowflakes. He roared, "The Qing government betrayed the country, and you also betrayed the country!"

Hu Hanmin blushed and lost his temper. He was only a few years older than Li Xiang. It was the time when he was full of blood, but Sun Yat-sen held him down. After an unsightly silence, Sun Yat-sen said, "Now all we can do is to declare that after the rise of the revolutionary army, the treaties concluded by the Qing government, the foreign debts borrowed, and the right to be transferred by the Republic of China will be denied. If you want to recover the right to sell by the Qing government, it is not at this time! Everyone in our country knows the death of the country. Instead of resisting humiliation and death, which one will fight against Russia and die victorically? Therefore, the whole country is the same and kills him. However, if you want to conquer Mongolia and Tibet, you will definitely have a fight with Britain and Russia. At this time, the Nanjing government can't bear the humiliation and burden, and it won't be recognized by the great powers! I will solve the diplomatic problems first with the first strategy. I can talk about the war. I will be undefeated in the battle, and I can talk about peace. Related to this, it must be settled in the outside of Xiang. It is estimated that Russia will not be able to produce 500,000 troops within half a year. With China's large territory and the largest population, it can produce 500,000 troops in Outer Mongolia and Northern Manchuria, and 500,000 troops can be added in half a year. In the first year of the battle, the victory or defeat is not known, but in the second year, I will send 2 million troops. It is expected that I can expel Russia from the field of Mongolia and restore the invasion of the coastal state of Heilongjiang.

Li Xiang did not answer Sun Yat-sen's long-term plan. His face was gloomy and he said for a while, "Do you know the Balkans?"

"What do you know? How long has it been? My husband once published an article in Zhongxing Daily under the pseudonym of "Nanyang Primary School Students" and started a debate with the royalists. Taking Turkey and Morocco as an example, Mr. made it clear that the revolution will not attract the partition of imperialism. On the contrary, the problem of being divided and interfered can also be "solved by the revolution". Mr. reprimanded the royalist party that "those who are afraid of the partition of the revolution are also ignorant of the current affairs." Miss Song frowned and thought for a moment and opened her mouth first. After saying that, she was suddenly very excited and applauded and laughed, "Mr. Zhongshan broke the old ideas, overturned the old system, and the impassioned revolutionary public opinion overwhelmed the royalist's counter-revolutionary propaganda and further aroused the patriotic awareness of overseas Chinese. The vast number of overseas Chinese from all over Nanyang stood on the side of Mr. Zhongshan.

Sun Yat-sen was naturally happy and smiled reservedly and said, "When the battle of defense was launched, some of the alliances went to Haiphong, Saigon, Singapore, Siam, Penang Island, Kuala Lumpur, Myanmar and other places to raise funds for the uprising. The local overseas Chinese responded enthusiastically, generously donated, and tried to buy food and equipment before the uprising. Line..."

Sun Yat-sen and others were still so excited when they remembered those years.

"With all due respect, since you think that 'those who are afraid of the partition of revolution are those who don't know the current affairs', what is your fear now?" Seeing that they changed from the pride of remembering the hot-blooded years to a look of consternation, Li wanted to pour a cup of tea by himself. He didn't eat dinner. When he was hungry, he poured water first, picked up the cup and sucked it out. He said, "The revolution of Morocco shows the boldness of the German rulers and the tension of the European powers, which caused the outbreak of the Italian-Tutic War. . Russia instigated Serbia and Bulgaria to sign an anti-Turmish alliance treaty, Greece and Bulgaria signed a covenant, and Montenegro also joined the covenant. In this way, the anti-Tutaric alliance of the four Balkan countries was formed, and it was decided to take advantage of the Italian-Tusian War to launch a war against Turkey. The doubt that the achievements of the European powers in the Balkans for hundreds of years are not dead in Turkey, and it is one of the great pleasures in the world and one of the great opportunities for China.

The Balkans are Europe's gunpowder barrels. Of course, the big guys know that the Balkan War is likely to detonate the European War. If the European War breaks out, the great powers will never have the energy to interfere in the Chinese revolution, and Britain and Russia will have no time to hide!

When Sun Yat-sen came back from Europe, he heard about the Moroccan crisis that occurred before the Wuchang Revolution. Italy took advantage of the tense situation in Europe and issued an ultimatum to Turkey on the pretext that its interests in Tripoli and Cyrenaica had been violated, asking Turkey to agree to its entry into Tripoli, but it was rejected. Later, he declared war on the land. The time and Wuchang were almost the same, so the newspapers Sun Yat-sen read during that time were reported every day.

It's just that Sun Yat-sen and they did not expect that the Italian-Tusian War would lead to the formation of an anti-Tuar alliance between the four Balkan countries and decided to take advantage of the Italian-Tusian War to launch a war against Turkey.

Sun Yat-sen couldn't help laughing and said with a smile, "It's hard to say whether the war in the Balkans can ignite the gunpowder barrels in Europe." Sun Yat-sen said that he couldn't help but drink a cup of tea and sighed again, "Russia, Britain and France must be on the side of the Balkan League. The German and Austrian alliance has always been hostile to the British and French allied countries, and will definitely support the Turkish Ottoman Empire. In this way, the situation in the Balkans is more complicated and all parties have been restrained. I'm afraid they can't fight..."

"Absolutely fight!" Li wanted to affirm, "Due to complex historical reasons, the ethnic and religious relations in the Balkans are very complex, and historical problems are even more difficult to solve, especially territorial issues. All ethnic groups want to establish a separate nation-state and expand their territory!" Seeing that Sun Yat-sen and others were surprised, they took what he knew about the secrets of the Balkans and said to Sun Yat-sen, "The open and secret struggles of the European powers in the Balkans directly affect the internal and foreign policies of the countries in the region and influence the development and change of the Balkan political situation. Here, the conflict between ethnic groups makes people's inner traditional consciousness more deeply rooted. Because the rise and fall of the nation is threatened by traditional enemies, the Balkan countries are determined to unite to deal with the common enemy, the Turkish Ottoman Empire, drive it out of Europe, liberate the occupied territories, and achieve national autonomy. This is exactly Pakistan. The direct cause of the establishment of the Ergan Alliance and the unanimous goal. In this situation, an imminent war is brewing in the Balkans.

As soon as Sun Yat-sen heard the voice, he knew what it meant and quickly asked, "What does this have to do with Britain, Russia, Mongolia and Tibet?"

Huang Xing, Hu Hanmin and Miss Song also stared at Li Xiang to see how he answered.

"I'm hungry. Get me something to eat. The fruit is fine. I'm not used to Chaozhou food." Li wanted to touch his hungry stomach and smiled at Huang Xing. He didn't have dinner, but he didn't even shout hungry now?

Sun Yat-sen smiled and motioned to Miss Song. She was in high interest and smiled slightly and said, "I'll definitely wait until I come back."

Miss Song quickly came back with a plate of washed apples. Li wanted to pick up and take a bite, and said vaguely, "The Tsar once vowed not to be humiliated to the Balkans again, so the outbreak of this Italian-Turan war was that Russia instigated the Balkan countries behind its back, taking him the master of the Balkan War. I knew that it was inevitable, so before it happened, I cooperated with Britain and intervened in Mongolia and Tibet one after another, on the condition that it swallowed Mongolia, and then turned westward, thinking that it was a plan to expand the Balkan sphere of influence, and then humiliated the tsar.

Speaking of this, Li wanted to pause for a moment, ate two mouthfuls of apples, and said, " However, Russia's political strategy in recent years has been dedicated to the east, developing its yellow and Russian plan, and does not go to the west. All major troops have moved to the extreme east, and although its headquarters has as many as 30 troops, it only guard against its country, and still Insufficient, why do you have time to divide your troops south to the Balkans? Once the battle begins in the Balkans, it can't help but withdraw the troops stationed in the Far East and return to the assistance. Russia can't use its habit of intimidation to sponsor the independence of Outer Mongolia. In addition, Britain has prevented Russia from going south, and I'm afraid that it will not be able to contact India for a day. Afghanistan and Tibet are also out of this consideration. The Strait of Taruta, which is still blocked so far, does not allow Russia to freely enter or leave the Balkans, which is the most clear and easy to know. Therefore, the feelings of Britain and Russia, no matter how harmonious they are, and their natural entanglements are difficult to eliminate. Once the Balkan War breaks out, can Britain still pose a threat to Tibet? As mentioned above, the two countries of Britain and Russia were affected by the Balkan War at one end of our country.

Sun Yat-sen woke up like a dream, but it was not easy to change his words immediately. He stood up and walked around the living room twice and said, "Since the northwest frontier is not as good as the surface crisis, the Northern Expedition is also a critical moment. When you send troops to the northwest border, you can't help but pick up sesame seeds and lose watermelon. Why don't you make Russia through diplomatic relations?"

(The Foreign Manifesto of the Nanjing Provisional Government is included in the work. If you are interested, you can have a look.)